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\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u63d0\u793a\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027: \u6307\u9ede\u4f60\u904e\u53bb\u53ef\u80fd\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f15\u85a6\u4f60\u672a\u66fe\u8a2d\u60f3\u904e\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u5b78\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebd\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u8207\u5404\u4eba\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5f37\u8feb\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u7232\u66f8\u4e2d\u672a\u63d0\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u800c\u56f0\u64fe\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u7232\u81ea\u5df1\u6c92\u6709\u66f8\u4e2d\u8b1b\u8ff0\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u800c\u5931\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u9805\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u9818\u6703\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8996\u9ede\u3002\u79aa\u4fee\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5f9e\u5167\u5728\u9ad4\u9a57\u5230\u7684\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\u3002\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u6210\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u5728\u79aa\u4fee\u4e2d\u5ea6\u904e\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f9e\u8a72\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c0\u5bdf\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\u6709\u8457\u9577\u671f\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9078\u8a5e\u7528\u5b57\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u53ca\u547c\u5438\u6216\u547c\u5438\u611f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u51fa\u5165\u80ba\u90e8\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6307\u5f9e\u5167\u5728\u9ad4\u9a57\u5230\u7684\u3001\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u547c\u5438\u89ba\u53d7[\u6c23\u611f] \u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u300e\u5143\u7d20\u300f[dh\u0101tu] \u4e5f\u975e\u662f\u6307\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u80fd\u91cf\u6027\u3001\u6eab\u71b1\u6027\u3001\u6f64\u6fd5\u6027\u3001\u5805\u786c\u6027\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u6027\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u6027[2]\u7684\u5143\u89ba\u53d7\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c0d\u5167\u5728\u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5448\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u5c0d\u9019\u985e\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u602a\u7570\u611f\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u958b\u59cb\u5f9e\u5167\u90e8\u63a2\u7d22\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c0d\u54ea\u4e9b\u8a5e\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u4f60\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u54ea\u985e\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u6709\u6240\u9818\u6703\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u624d\u9054\u5230\u5176\u539f\u672c\u76ee\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f5c\u7232\u63d0\u5347\u4f60\u7684\u5167\u5728\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u2014\u2014 \u56e0\u7232\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u771f\u8c1b\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u638c\u63e1\u90a3\u9580\u5f15\u5c0e\u4f60\u76f4\u89c0\u4e86\u89e3\u89ba\u77e5\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u672c\u66f8\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e00\u4efd\u98df\u8b5c\u3002\u50c5\u50c5\u95b1\u8b80\u98df\u8b5c\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5f97\u8457\u7d72\u6beb\u5473\u611f\u8207\u990a\u5206\u3002\u521d\u5b78\u5e7e\u6b65\u5f8c\u77e5\u96e3\u800c\u9000\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u767d\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f60\u82e5\u80fd\u5920\u4e00\u76f4\u5b78\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u66f8\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u908a\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u70f9\u996a\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u4f60\u500b\u4eba\u63a2\u7d22\u5ff5\u4f4f\u547c\u5438\u7684\u5584\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f85\u6bd4\u4e18(\u5091\u5f17\u88cf\u00b7\u5fb7\u683c\u62c9\u592b)
\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u6148\u6797\u5bfa
\nThanissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff)
\nMetta Forest Monastery
\nPO Box 1409 Valley Center CA 92082<\/p>\n

[2]\u300e\u80fd\u91cf\u6027\u3001\u6e29\u70ed\u6027\u3001\u6da6\u6e7f\u6027\u3001\u575a\u786c\u6027\u300f: \u5206\u522b\u6307\u98ce\u3001\u706b\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u5730\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5c5e\u6027[\u56db\u5927; \u56db\u754c] \u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868 dh\u0101tu\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u98ce\u5143\u7d20\u4e00\u822c\u4f5c\u8f7b\u52a8\u6027\u89e3\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u8bd1\u4f5cenergy [\u80fd\u91cf]\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f57\u5c0a\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u968f\u8457\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u4f53\u5185\u6709\u7684\u547c\u5438\u5c42\u6b21\u5b9e\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u3002\u547c\u5438\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u8bd1\u89e3\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\u811a\u6ce8\u3002\u547c\u5438\u8bf8\u5c42\u6b21\u89c1\u300a\u79aa\u90a3\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4f7f\u547c\u5438\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u76f4\u8def\u300b\u7b49\u7bc7\u4e2d\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u6797\u5c45\u79aa\u4fee\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e7f\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u884c\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u4f20\u7684\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u4fee\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f15\u5bfc\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5165\u5b9a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u85c9\u57f9\u80b2\u89c9\u53d7\u529b\u589e\u8fdb\u660e\u8fa8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u79aa\u5b9a\u5f00\u793a\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u52a8\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u79aa\u4fee\u8005\u653e\u677e\u6267\u53d6\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u591a\u5f97\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u8bfb\u7269\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u7ffb\u8bd1\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u539f\u521d\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u6b64\u6df1\u5316\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4fbf\u65bc\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fee\u7ec3; \u73b0\u6709\u6cd5\u53cb\u6350\u8d44\u52a9\u5370\uff0c\u7531\u6148\u6797\u5bfa\u4e3b\u6301\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4f9b\u6709\u5fd7\u8005\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u9664\u8f6c\u8bd1\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u300a\u5ff5\u4f4f\u547c\u5438\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u82f1\u8bd1\u8005\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f57\u957f\u8001\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u53e6\u5341\u7bc7\u79aa\u5b9a\u5f00\u793a\u53ca\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u7b80\u4f20\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u6458\u81ea\u82f1\u8bd1\u5f00\u793a\u96c6\u300a\u5185\u5728\u529b\u91cf\u300b\u53ca\u300a\u56db\u5ff5\u5904\u300b\u3002\u957f\u8001\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u524d\u8a00\u91cc\u5fae\u4f5c\u53d8\u52a8\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6269\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u90e8\u4f20\u6388\u5fc3\u89e3\u8131\u7684\u79aa\u4fee\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u90e8\u89e3\u8bf4\u6e38\u6cf3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u901a\u6b64\u9053\u8005\u624d\u6709\u80cc\u666f\u4f5c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bd1\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u85c9\u7740\u5b9e\u4fee\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u6e10\u6b21\u9886\u609f\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u7528\u610f\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u5e78\u5f97\u5230\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f57\u5c0a\u8005\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\u3002\u5c0a\u8005\u539f\u7c4d\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u4e3b\u4fee\u6b27\u6d32\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u79aa\u4fee\u53d1\u751f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u6765\u5230\u6cf0\u56fd\uff0c\u8fb9\u6559\u4e66\u8fb9\u5c0b\u627e\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u79aa\u4fee\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c 1976 \u5e74\u968f\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u7684\u5927\u5f1f\u5b50\u963f\u59dc\u653e\u51fa\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u504f\u50fb\u7b80\u964b\u7684\u8fbe\u6469\u8428\u5730\u5bfa\u4eb2\u4f8d\u5341\u5e74\u81f3\u5e08\u5706\u5bc2\uff0c\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u6cd5\u5f97\u5176\u76f4\u4f20\u3002\u636e\u5c0a\u8005\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u968f\u963f\u59dc\u653e\u4fee\u4e60\u65f6\uff0c\u5bfc\u5e08\u9012\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u4e66\u2014\u2014\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u7684\u6cf0\u6587\u7248\u300a\u5ff5\u4f4f\u547c\u5438\u300b\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u8ba9\u4ed6\u53bb\u540e\u5c71\u5750\u79aa\u4e86\u3002\u5c0a\u8005\u5f53\u5e74\u628a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u524d\u540e\u82f1\u8bd1\u4e86\u4e09\u904d\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u4fee\u4e2d\u63e3\u6469\u7834\u89e3\u5176\u610f\u3002\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4: \u300e\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4eb2\u81ea\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u61c2\u5f97\u79aa\u5b9a\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u7406\u89e3 [literally]\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u6bd4\u55bb\u610f\u4e49\u7406\u89e3 [figuratively]\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u5219\u662f\u5728\u521d\u7a3f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53cd\u590d\u4fee\u8ba2\u800c\u6210\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u518d\u4e09\u8bf7\u6559\u957f\u8001\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u52c9\u5f3a\u8f6c\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u79aa\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e0b\u6709\u5173\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u81ea\u77e5\u672a\u5b8c\u6574\u4f53\u73b0\u539f\u6587\u7684\u7528\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bfb\u8005\u628a\u672c\u4e66\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u90e8\u8bd5\u8bd1: \u6709\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u9020\u6210\u969c\u788d\u5904\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bfb\u8005\u539f\u8c05\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u65e0\u5fc3\u8fc7\u5931;\u8bd1\u6587\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8bfb\u8005\u628a\u63e1\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u60f3\u5b66\u6709\u7cbe\u4e13\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53c2\u8003\u79aa\u5b9a\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u6309\u6b65\u5b9e\u4fee\u5916\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u4eb2\u81ea\u5411\u5c0a\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7cbe\u901a\u6b64\u9053\u7684\u79aa\u50e7\u8bf7\u6559\u3002\u968f\u7740\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u91cd\u8bfb\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7b14\u8005\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u51e0\u4f4d\u8d44\u6df1\u79aa\u4fee\u8005\u7684\u5171\u611f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9876\u793c\u4e3a\u540e\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4efd\u5b9d\u8d35\u6307\u5357\u7684\u963f\u59dc\u674e\uff0c\u4e5f\u9876\u793c\u4ee5\u6148\u5fc3\u4e0e\u8010\u5fc3\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u8bf4\u7684\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f57\u957f\u8001\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6797\u5c45\u79aa\u4fee\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u627f\u4f20\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8a00\u6559\u4e0e\u8df5\u884c\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u4fee\u8bc1\u4e4b\u9053\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u719f\u6089\u4f5b\u6559\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e66\u4e2d\u82e5\u5e72\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u4e2d\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e0d\u751a\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u8fd9\u975e\u662f\u8bd1\u8005\u5fd7\u5728\u6c42\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u8003\u8651\u3002\u4e00\u8005\u82f1\u8bd1\u7248\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5df4\u5229\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 \u2014\u2014\u6709\u522b\u65bc\u5df4\u82f1\u8f9e\u5178\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u9884\u8bbe\u8bfb\u8005\u5df2\u719f\u6089\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f57\u957f\u8001\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u957f\u8001\u7b54:\u5f53\u5e74\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5bfc\u5e08\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5118\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u6838\u5fc3\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7ec8\u7a76\u5e94\u5f53\u7ad9\u5230\u5b9e\u4fee\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u624d\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b26\u5408\u539f\u5178\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0e\u65e8\u8da3[context & purpose] \u3002\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u4e0e\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f57\u957f\u8001\u90fd\u662f\u6797\u5c45\u79aa\u50e7\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u8a00\u6559\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u4ec5\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u6587\u672c\u4f5c\u63a8\u6f14\u6216\u8a55\u4ecb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b9e\u4fee\u8bc1\u91cf\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u6307\u70b9\u6709\u5fd7\u8005\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u95e8\u8d8b\u5411\u706d\u82e6\u7684\u4fee\u7ec3\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9009\u8bcd\u7528\u5b57\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6765\u6781\u5177\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027( \u65e0\u7591\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5f97\u76ca\u65bc\u82f1\u8bd1\u8005\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u6027) \uff0c\u4e2d\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e94\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e88\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u7528\u610f\u4e0d\u81f3\u6d41\u5931\u65bc\u6807\u7c56\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u6587\u4e2d\u82e5\u5e72\u4f5b\u6559\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u53e4\u6c49\u8bd1\u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982\u70e6\u607c\u2014\u2014\u5176\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u610f\u4e0e\u5df4\u5229\u6587\u82f1\u8bd1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4ecd\u9009\u62e9\u5fe0\u5b9e\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff0c\u4f9d\u6587\u76f4\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u624b\u518c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u51cf\u5c11\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0a\u7684\u5148\u5165\u4e4b\u89c1\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u6216\u4ee5\u811a\u6ce8\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\u6709\u4e09\u7c7b\u3002\u4e3b\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u53ca\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u539f\u6709\u3002\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u4e3a\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005\u9644\u52a0\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u53e6\u8bd1\u3001\u539f\u6587\u3001\u6216\u7b80\u91ca\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u662f\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u521d\u6b65\u53cd\u9988\u540e\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u811a\u6ce8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5c11\u6570\u5b89\u7f6e\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bd1\u6cd5\u6216\u6587\u53e5\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56de\u5e94\u53cd\u9988;\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u66fe\u5c31\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bf7\u6559\u8fc7\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f57\u957f\u8001\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u4e49\u7406\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4fee\u4e0a\u4ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u76ca\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f81\u5f97\u957f\u8001\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u628a\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u6536\u5f55\u65bc\u811a\u6ce8\u3002\u5982\u6709\u8f6c\u8ff0\u4e0d\u5f53\u5904\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u5931\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u672c\u4e66\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6797\u5c45\u5bfc\u5e08\u5f00\u793a\u4e2d\u8bd1\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u82f1\u8bd1\u8005\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f51\u7ad9: http:\/\/www.theravadacn.org\uff0c\u4f9b\u6709\u5fd7\u8005\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8c03\u5fa1\u5fc3\u5b9a\u8005\uff0c\u5f97\u5176\u5b89\u6b62\u5904\u3002\u5165\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5fc3\u597d\u6bd4\u57ce\u5821; \u660e\u8fa8[5]\u597d\u6bd4\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u4fee\u5b9a\u5247\u597d\u6bd4\u7232\u81ea\u5df1\u9020\u5c31\u4e00\u5ea7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u503c\u5f97\u4ed8\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u9053\u521d\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u6212\u5fb7\uff0c\u672b\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e0d\u7279\u5225\u96e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4f5c\u7232\u6b63\u9053\u4e2d\u6bb5\u7684\u5b9a\u529b\uff0c\u537b\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u592b\u57f9\u80b2\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5fc3\u529b\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u4fee\u5b9a\u597d\u6bd4\u5728\u6cb3\u4e2d\u592e\u6253\u6a4b\u6a01\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u4ef6\u96e3\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4e00\u65e6\u5fc3\u7262\u56fa\u5c31\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c0d\u6212\u5fb7\u8207\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u589e\u9577\u662f\u6975\u5176\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u4fee\u6212\u5fb7\u597d\u6bd4\u5728\u6cb3\u5cb8\u7684\u8fd1\u8655\u6253\u6a4b\u6a01\uff0c\u4fee\u660e\u8fa8\u597d\u6bd4\u5728\u9060\u8655\u6253\u6a4b\u6a01\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u6bb5\u6a4b\u6a01\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5165\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u66fe\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u8de8\u8d8a\u82e6\u7684\u6d2a\u6d41?<\/p>\n

\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u4f5b\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u50e7\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u8def\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4fee\u5fc3[bh\u0101van\u0101]\u3002\u4fee\u7df4\u5fc3\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5165\u5b9a\u5bc2\u6b62\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5347\u8d77\u660e\u8fa8\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u660e\u8fa8\u4e26\u975e\u6307\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u76f4\u89ba\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u4f86\u81ea\u8207\u5fc3\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u56de\u61b6\u5bbf\u4e16\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u8846\u751f\u6b7b\u5f8c\u6295\u751f\u8655\u3001\u6d17\u6ecc\u5fc3\u7684\u57a2\u67d3\u4e4b\u6f0f[\u0101sava]: \u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u7a31\u7232\u667a\u773c[\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a-cakkhu]\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u6703\u5c0d\u5728\u5fc3\u610f\u9818\u57df\u8a13\u7df4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u5347\u8d77\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u53bb\u5f9e\u8272\u3001\u8072\u3001\u9999\u3001\u5473\u3001\u89f8\u7576\u4e2d\u5c0b\u6c42\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u593e\u96dc\u8457\u7a2e\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u8ddf\u8457\u300e\u516d\u5e2b\u300f\u5b78\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u660e\u5bdf\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4f5b\u9640\u65e9\u5e74\u66fe\u5e2b\u4e8b\u516d\u5e2b\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u6c42\u5f97\u89ba\u9192\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc\u662f\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u653e\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u4e0a\uff0c\u7368\u81ea\u4fee\u7df4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5ff5\u4f4f\u547c\u5438\u7232\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u5411\u7d42\u6975\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u4ecd\u5f9e\u516d\u5875[\u611f\u5b98\u5c0d\u8c61]\u4e2d\u5c0b\u6c42\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8ddf\u516d\u5e2b\u5b78\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u9019\u500b\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5fc3\u5bc2\u6b62\u5165\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u6210\u5c31\u771f\u667a\uff0c\u5373: \u6e05\u6de8\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5011\u7121\u9700\u4fee\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u4fee\u660e\u8fa8\u5373\u53ef\u8b49\u5f97\u660e\u8fa8\u89e3\u812b[6]\u3002\u9019\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u660e\u8fa8\u89e3\u812b\u9084\u662f\u5fc3\u89e3\u812b\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u4ee5\u5b9a\u7232\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u6709\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u597d\u6bd4\u8d70\u8def: \u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u689d\u817f\u8d70\u3002\u54ea\u689d\u817f\u7232\u4e3b\u53ea\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u3001\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u660e\u8fa8\u89e3\u812b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u85c9\u89c0\u60f3\u4e16\u9593\u4e8b\u614b\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u4ee4\u5fc3\u6f38\u6f38\u5e73\u606f\u5bc2\u6b62\uff0c\u5347\u8d77\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u89e3\u812b\u6d1e\u898b[vipassan\u0101\u2013\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a,\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\u667a] \u2014\u2014 \u5373\u5c0d\u56db\u8056\u8c1b\u7684\u900f\u5fb9\u9818\u609f\u3002\u800c\u5fc3\u89e3\u812b\u5247\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u592a\u591a\u89c0\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u5730\u4ee4\u5fc3\u5bc2\u6b62\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5b89\u6b62\u5b9a\u3002\u5f9e\u90a3\u88cf\u51fa\u767c\u5347\u8d77\u76f4\u89ba\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u660e\u5bdf\u8af8\u6cd5\u5be6\u76f8\u3002\u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u5fc3\u89e3\u812b: \u5148\u6b62\u5f8c\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u98fd\u8b80\u7d93\u66f8\uff0c\u7cbe\u901a\u6587\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u95e1\u660e\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8981\u9ede\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5fc3\u7121\u5167\u5728\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u8655\uff0c\u5247\u597d\u6bd4\u98db\u884c\u54e1\u99d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u660e\u5bdf\u96f2\u5c64\u661f\u5ea7\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u77e5\u964d\u843d\u8dd1\u9053\u5728\u4f55\u8655\u3002\u4ed6\u6703\u51fa\u5927\u9ebb\u7169\u3002\u98db\u5f97\u904e\u9ad8\uff0c\u4fbf\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u6c23\u5c64\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u5f97\u4f86\u56de\u76e4\u65cb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u71c3\u6599\u8017\u5118\uff0c\u589c\u6bc0\u8352\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5b78\u66c6\u96d6\u9ad8\uff0c\u884c\u7232\u537b\u4e0d\u6bd4\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u5584\u826f\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u7232\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u4ee5\u7232\u662f\u3001\u81ea\u547d\u4e0d\u51e1\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u81ea\u4ee5\u7232\u5b78\u554f\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u89c0\u9ede\u5c64\u6b21\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c51\u4fee\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7232\u6709\u672c\u4e8b\u76f4\u8b49\u660e\u8fa8\u89e3\u812b[\u6167\u89e3\u812b] \u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6b63\u5982\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u964d\u843d\u8dd1\u9053\u7684\u98db\u884c\u54e1\uff0c\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u707d\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u7fd2\u5b9a\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u7232\u81ea\u5df1\u92ea\u4e00\u689d\u964d\u843d\u8dd1\u9053\u3002\u660e\u8fa8\u5347\u8d77\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b89\u7a69\u89e3\u812b\u3002
\n\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4f55\u4ee5\u60f3\u5728\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4fee\u6301\u4e2d\u5713\u6eff\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5b8c\u6574\u57f9\u80b2\u6b63\u9053\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u6212\u5fb7\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u7de3\u6545\u3002\u5426\u5247\u6211\u5011\u600e\u80fd\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u89ba\u609f\u56db\u8c1b?\u8056\u9053\u5fc5\u9808\u7531\u6212\u5fb7\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u57f9\u80b2\u5b83\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9818\u609f\u3002\u4e0d\u9818\u609f\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u653e\u5f97\u958b?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u591a\u6578\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u6a02\u898b\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u9858\u7bc9\u57fa\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e00\u5fc3\u60f3\u8981\u5584\u5fb7\u3001\u6e05\u6de8\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6839\u57fa\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4ecd\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8ca7\u532e\u3002\u597d\u6bd4\u611b\u9322\u8ca1\u537b\u4e0d\u9858\u505a\u5de5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u600e\u9ebd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6566\u539a\u826f\u6c11? \u4e00\u65e6\u5fc3\u6709\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u58ae\u843d\u72af\u6848\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4f5b\u6559\u884c\u6301\u4e0a\u65e2\u60f3\u5f97\u6b63\u679c\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u9858\u505a\u5de5\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8ca7\u532e\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5167\u5fc3\u8ca7\u532e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6ce8\u5b9a\u53bb\u5916\u754c\u8ffd\u6c42\u8caa\u6b32\u3001\u79c1\u5229\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u4eab\u6a02\u3001\u8d0a\u8b7d\u7b49\u4e16\u9593\u8a98\u60d1\u3002\u56e0\u7232\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u7121\u771f\u77e5\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u7232\u975e\u51fa\u81ea\u771f\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8056\u9053\u6c38\u9060\u771f\u5be6\u4e0d\u865b\u3002\u6212\u5fb7\u7232\u771f\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u7232\u771f\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u7232\u771f\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u82e5\u4e0d\u771f\uff0c\u5c31\u898b\u4e0d\u8457\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u54c1\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6212\u5fb7\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u4fee\u6301\u4e0a\u82e5\u4e0d\u771f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f5c\u7232\u679c\u5831\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8d5d\u54c1\u3002\u7528\u8d5d\u54c1\u6642\u5fc5\u7136\u82e6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u771f\u5fc3\u5be6\u610f\u3002\u771f\u5fc3\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u5617\u5f97\u6cd5\u5473\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6ecb\u5473\u9060\u52dd\u65bc\u4e16\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7f8e\u98df\u4f73\u80b4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u7de8\u5beb\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u4efd\u5ff5\u4f4f\u547c\u5438\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n

\u795d \u752f\u975c
\n\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u00b7\u9054\u6469\u9054\u7f85
\n\u66fc\u8c37 \u6ce2\u7f85\u5c3c\u74e6\u5bfa
\n1953 \u5e74<\/p>\n

[3]\u300e\u6e05\u6de8\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u300f[buddha]: pure knowing\uff0c\u64da\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f85\u5c0a\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u7d14\u6de8\u3001\u4e0d\u6df7\u96dc\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5[ mental activity]\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u4e2d\u90e849\u300a\u68b5\u5929\u8acb\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300e\u7121\u8868\u9762\u3001\u7121\u908a\u969b\u3001\u5149\u660e\u904d\u7167\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u300f\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6b64\u89ba\u9192\u7684\u89ba\u77e5 [awakened awareness]\u3002<\/p>\n

[4]\u300e\u96dc\u67d3\u300f: \u5df4\u5229\u6587 kilesa; \u82f1\u8b6f defilement; \u53e4\u6f22\u8b6f\u300e\u7169\u60f1\u300f\u3002\u932b\u862d\u4f5b\u6559\u51fa\u7248\u793e[BPS]\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u4f5b\u6559\u8fad\u5178\u4f5c\u6c59\u67d3\u5fc3\u7684\u4e0d\u5584\u5de7\u7d20\u8cea\u89e3; \u5df4\u5229\u8056\u5178\u5b78\u6703[PTS]\u5df4\u82f1\u8fad\u5178\u4f5c\u6c59\u67d3\u3001\u4e0d\u7d14\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4e\u843d\u3001\u8caa\u6b32 \u3001\u969c\u7919\u89e3\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u300e\u7169\u60f1\u300f\u4f9d\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928\u300a\u73fe\u4ee3\u6f22\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5178\u300b[1993]\u4f5c\u300e\u7169\u60b6\u82e6\u60f1\u300f\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

[5]\u300e\u660e\u8fa8\u300f: \u5df4\u5229\u6587 pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101; \u8a72\u8a5e\u4e00\u822c\u8b6f\u4f5c\u300e\u667a\u6167\u300f\u6216\u300e\u6167\u300f; \u68b5\u6587\u97f3\u8b6f\u822c\u82e5\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u591a\u8b6f\u4f5c wisdom; BPS\u4e0ePTS\u8fad\u5178\u7684\u7fa9\u8b6f\u9084\u5305\u62ec understanding \/knowledge \/insight [\u9818\u609f; \u667a\u8b58; \u6d1e\u898b]; \u672c\u66f8\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u8b6f\u4f5cdiscernment[\u8b58\u5225; \u5206\u8fa8\u529b]\u3002\u64da\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f85\u5c0a\u8005\u5c0d\u4e2d\u8b6f\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u8207 pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 \u540c\u6e90\u7684\u5df4\u5229\u6587\u52d5\u8a5e paj\u0101n\u0101ti \u610f\u7232\u5206\u8fa8\uff0c\u628a\u539f\u672c\u542b\u6df7\u3001\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5206\u8fa8\u6e05\u695a; wisdom \u5247\u7121\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u6613\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u7232\u67d0\u7a2e\u9813\u73fe\u800c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u9748\u611f\u3002\u5f9e\u79aa\u4fee\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ffd\u7a76 pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 \u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5c0d\u79aa\u5b9a\u696d\u8655\u9023\u7e8c\u4f5c\u7d30\u5fae\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u5206\u8fa8[paj\u0101n\u0101ti]\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4f5c\u7232\u4e00\u9580\u6280\u80fd\u9010\u6b65\u4fee\u7df4\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u300e\u667a\u6167\u300f\u8207 wisdom \u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ea6\u7121\u76f8\u61c9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3002\u4f5c\u7232\u5be6\u4fee\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u9078\u64c7\u4ee5\u300e\u660e\u8fa8\u300f\u8b6f\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u793a\u6f38\u6b21\u5206\u8fa8\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u5728\u79aa\u89c0\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7232\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u628a\u672c\u4e66\u628a pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101-vimutti \u8a66\u8b6f\u7232\u300e\u660e\u8fa8\u89e3\u812b\u300f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0a\u8005\u66fe\u63d0\u5230: \u65e9\u671f\u8ddf\u96a8\u963f \u59dc\u653e\u7fd2\u79aa\u6642\uff0c\u5c0e\u5e2b\u5e38\u8aaa\u7528\u4f60\u7684 pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\uff0c\u7528\u4f60\u7684pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 \u3002\u7576\u6642\u6211\u53ea\u77e5pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 \u7b49\u65bcwisdom\uff0c\u5fc3\u60f3\u6211\u624d\u51fa\u5bb6\uff0c\u54ea\u6709wisdom\uff0c\u5c31\u5c0d\u5c0e\u5e2b\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u6c92\u6709pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 \u3002\u963f\u59dc\u653e\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u7576\u7136\u6709pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5f97\u6709\u9ede pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662fwisdom\u3002<\/p>\n

[6]\u300e\u660e\u8fa8\u89e3\u8131\u300f[pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101-vimutti]: \u6167\u89e3\u812b; \u85c9\u7531\u660e\u8fa8\u9054\u5230\u89e3\u8131\u3002\u300e\u5fc3\u89e3\u8131\u300f[ceto-vimutti]: \u85c9\u7531\u5fc3\u5bc2\u6b62\u9054\u5230\u89e3\u812b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79aa\u4fee\u524d\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u89e3\u8aaa\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u7fd2\u79aa\u5b9a\u3002\u958b\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u8dea\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u96d9\u624b\u5408\u5341\u7f6e\u65bc\u5fc3\u524d\uff0c\u8654\u8aa0\u79ae\u656c\u4e09\u5bf6\uff0c\u53e3\u8aa6\u4e0b\u6587:<\/p>\n

Araha\u1e43 samm\u0101-sambuddho bhagav\u0101:
\nBuddha\u1e43 bhagavant\u1e43 abhiv\u0101demi
\n\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5[7]\u662f\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u3001\u6b63\u81ea\u89ba\u8005:
\n\u6211\u9802\u79ae\u4f5b\u9640\u3001\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5\u3002(\u4e00\u62dc)
\nSv\u0101kkh\u0101to bhagavat\u0101 dhammo:
\nDhamma\u1e43 namass\u0101mi.
\n\u6cd5\u7531\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5\u5584\u8aaa:
\n\u6211\u5d07\u656c\u6cd5\u3002(\u4e00\u62dc)
\nSupa\u1e6dipanno bhagavato s\u0101vaka-sa\u1e45gho:
\nSa\u1e45gha\u1e43 nam\u0101mi.
\n\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5\u7684\u50e7\u4f3d\u5f1f\u5b50\u884c\u9053\u6b63\u5584:
\n\u6211\u79ae\u656c\u50e7\u4f3d\u3002(\u4e00\u62dc)<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4f60\u7684\u610f\u3001\u8a9e\u3001\u884c\u8868\u9054\u5c0d\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u656c\u610f:<\/p>\n

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm\u0101-sambuddhasa.
\n\u79ae\u656c\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5\u3001\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u3001\u6b63\u81ea\u89ba\u8005\u3002 (\u4e09\u904d)<\/p>\n

\u6b78\u4f9d\u4e09\u5bf6:<\/p>\n

Buddha\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\nDhamma\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\nSa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\n\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u4f5b\u3002\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u50e7\u3002
\nDutiyampi Buddha\u1e43sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\nDutiyampi Dhamma\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\nDutiyampi Sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u904d\uff0c\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u4f5b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u904d\uff0c\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u904d\uff0c\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u50e7\u3002
\nTatiyampi Buddha\u1e43sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\nTatiyampi Dhamma\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\nTatiyampi Sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u904d\uff0c\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u4f5b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u904d\uff0c\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u904d\uff0c\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u50e7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u6c7a\u610f:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u4f5b\u2014\u2014\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u6e05\u6de8\u3001\u7121\u67d3\u3002
\n\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u7fa9\u3001\u4fee\u884c\u3001\u6b63\u679c\u3002
\n\u6211\u6b78\u4f9d\u50e7\u2014\u2014\u8b49\u5f97\u56db\u679c\u7684\u8056\u5f1f\u5b50\u3002
\n\u5f9e\u4eca\u8d77\u76f4\u81f3\u547d\u7d42\u3002
\nBuddha\u1e43 j\u012bvita\u1e43 y\u0101va nibb\u0101na\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\nDhamma\u1e43 j\u012bvita\u1e43 y\u0101va nibb\u0101na\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\nSa\u1e45gha\u1e43 j\u012bvita\u1e43 y\u0101va nibb\u0101na\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
\n\u6211\u4ee5\u4f5b\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u50e7\u7232\u4f9d\u6b62\u8207\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5f9e\u4eca\u8d77\u76f4\u81f3\u8b49\u5f97\u6d85\u69c3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f9d\u4f60\u5e73\u5e38\u80fd\u5920\u6301\u5b88\u7684\u6212\u5f8b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4e94\u6212\u3001\u516b\u6212\u3001\u5341\u6212\u3001\u6216227 \u6212\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u9858\u8a00\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4f60\u6301\u6212\u7684\u5fc3\u610f:<\/p>\n

Im\u0101ni pa\u00f1ca sikkh\u0101pad\u0101ni sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
\n\u6211\u53d7\u6301\u4e94\u6212\u3002(\u4e09\u904d)( \u8fd9\u662f\u6301\u4e94\u6212\u8005\u7684\u613f\u8a00\u3002\u4e94\u6212\u5305\u62ec: \u6212\u593a\u53d6\u751f\u547d\u3001\u6212\u5077\u76d7\u3001\u6212\u4e0d\u5f53\u6027\u4e8b\u3001\u6212\u8c0e\u8a00\u3001\u6212\u9189\u54c1\u3002)<\/p>\n

Im\u0101ni a\u1e6d\u1e6dha sikkh\u0101pad\u0101ni sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
\n(\u8fd9\u662f\u6301\u516b\u6212\u8005\u7684\u613f\u8a00\uff0c\u516b\u6212\u5305\u62ec: \u6212\u593a\u53d6\u751f\u547d\u3001\u6212\u5077\u76d7\u3001\u6212\u6027\u4e8b\u3001\u6212\u8c0e\u8a00\u3001\u6212\u9189\u54c1\u3001\u6212\u5348\u540e\u81f3\u5929\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u98df[\u6212\u975e\u65f6\u98df] \u3001\u6212\u89c2\u542c\u6b4c\u821e\u53ca\u88c5\u9970\u7f8e\u5316\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u6212\u7528\u5962\u9002\u7684\u9ad8\u5e8a\u9ad8\u5ea7\u3002)<\/p>\n

Im\u0101ni dasa sikkh\u0101pad\u0101ni sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
\n(\u8fd9\u662f\u5b88\u5341\u6212\u8005\u7684\u613f\u8a00\uff0c\u5341\u6212\u5305\u62ec: \u6212\u593a\u53d6\u751f\u547d\u3001\u6212\u5077\u76d7\u3001\u6212\u6027\u4e8b\u3001\u6212\u8c0e\u8a00\u3001\u6212\u9189\u54c1\u3001\u6212\u5348\u540e\u81f3\u5929\u660e\u95f4\u8fdb\u98df\u3001\u6212\u89c2\u542c\u6b4c\u821e\u3001\u6212\u88c5\u9970\u7f8e\u5316\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u6212\u7528\u5962\u9002\u7684\u9ad8\u5e8a\u9ad8\u5ea7\u3001\u6212\u53d7\u6301\u91d1\u94b1\u3002)<\/p>\n

Parisuddho aha\u1e43 bhante.
\nParisuddhoti ma\u1e43 buddho dhammo sa\u1e45gho dh\u0101retu.
\n\u5c0a\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u6e05\u6de8\u7684;
\n\u656c\u8acb\u4f5b\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u50e7\u61b6\u6301\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u6e05\u6de8\u7684\u3002
\n(\u8fd9\u662f\u5b88227 \u6212\u8005\u7684\u613f\u8a00\u3002)<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u8868\u660e\u4ee5\u7d14\u6de8\u7684\u610f\u3001\u8a9e\u3001\u884c\uff0c\u6b78\u4f9d\u4f5b\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u50e7\u7684\u610f\u9858\u3002\u9802\u79ae\u4e09\u6b21\u3002\u5750\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u5408\u638c\u7f6e\u65bc\u5fc3\u524d\uff0c\u7aef\u6b63\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u57f9\u80b2\u56db\u68b5\u4f4f[\u56db\u79cd\u5d07\u9ad8\u5fc3\u5883]: \u6148\u3001\u60b2\u3001\u559c\u3001\u820d\u3002\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u5584\u5ff5\u7121\u504f\u501a\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u5411\u4e00\u5207\u8846\u751f\u6563\u4f48\uff0c\u7a31\u7232\u7121\u91cf\u68b5\u4f4f\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u5df4\u5229\u8a5e\u8a9e\u53ef\u4f9b\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\u8a18\u61b6\u8005\u53c3\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

Mett\u0101\u6148\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u4ec1\u6148\u3001\u95dc\u611b\uff0c\u9858\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u4e00\u5207\u8846\u751f\u5e78\u798f\u3002
\nKaru\u1e47\u0101\u60b2\u61ab\u2014\u2014\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u8846\u751f\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u3002
\nMudit\u0101\u968f\u559c\u2014\u2014\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5584\u5fb7\u6709\u6b23\u8cde\u3001\u8d0a\u7f8e\u4e4b\u559c\u3002
\nUpekkh\u0101\u820d\u96e2\u2014\u2014\u5c0d\u61c9\u7576\u820d\u96e2\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6301\u5e73\u7b49\u7121\u504f\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

[7]\u300e\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5\u300f: \u5177\u8db3\u5409\u7965\u8005; \u6709\u4e00\u5207\u798f\u5fb7\u8005; \u4e16\u5c0a\u3002\u300e\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u300f: \u5c0a\u8cb4\u8005; \u61c9\u4f9b\u3002\u300e\u6b78\u4f9d\u300f: \u4ee5\u4e4b\u7232\u5b89\u7a69\u5e87\u8b77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u534a\u84ee\u5f0f\u55ae\u76e4\u800c\u5750\uff0c\u53f3\u817f\u5728\u5de6\u817f\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u96d9\u624b\u638c\u5fc3\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f6e\u65bc\u817f\u6839\uff0c\u53f3\u624b\u758a\u5de6\u624b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u633a\u76f4\uff0c\u628a\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u7576\u524d\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u4e0a\u3002\u5408\u638c\u65bc\u5fc3\u524d\u8868\u793a\u656c\u610f\uff0c\u61b6\u5ff5\u4f5b\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u50e7\u7684\u529f\u5fb7:<\/p>\n

Buddho me n\u0101tho. Dhammo me n\u0101tho. Sa\u1e45gho me n\u0101tho.
\n\u4f5b\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4f9d\u6b62\uff0c\u6cd5\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4f9d\u6b62\uff0c\u50e7\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4f9d\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u9ed8\u5ff5:<\/p>\n

buddho, buddho; dhammo, dhammo; sa\u1e45gho, sa\u1e45gho.
\n\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u3001\u4f5b\u9640; \u9054\u6469\u3001\u9054\u6469; \u50e7\u4f3d\u3001\u50e7\u4f3d\u3002\u300f[\u61b6\u5ff5\u4f5b\u6cd5\u50e7]<\/p>\n

\u628a\u624b\u653e\u56de\u817f\u6839\uff0c\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\uff0c\u4e09\u6b21\u3002
\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u9ed8\u60f3\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u6210\u5c0d\u6578\u606f\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u300f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u51fa\u606f\uff0c\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u9640\u300f\uff0c\u4f5c\u5341\u6b21\u3002\u518d\u958b\u59cb: \u96a8\u8457\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u51fa\u606f\uff0c\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e03\u6b21\u3002\u518d\u958b\u59cb: \u96a8\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u60f3\u4e00\u6b21\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e94\u6b21\u3002\u518d\u958b\u59cb: \u96a8\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u60f3\u4e09\u6b21\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e09\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u505c\u6b62\u6578\u606f\uff0c\u53ea\u96a8\u8457\u5165\u606f\u3001\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u300f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u51fa\u606f\u3001\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u9640\u300f\u3002\u8b93\u547c\u5438\u653e\u677e\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u5168\u975c\u6b62\uff0c\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u51fa\u5165\u9f3b\u5b54\u7684\u547c\u5438\u3002\u51fa\u606f\u6642\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u5fc3\u9001\u51fa\u8ddf\u8457\u5b83; \u5165\u606f\u6642\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5fc3\u8ddf\u9032\u4f86\u3002\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u5bec\u5ee3\u3001\u6109\u5feb\u3001\u958b\u653e\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u904e\u65bc\u5f37\u8feb\u5fc3\u3002\u8981\u653e\u677e\u3002\u60f3\u50cf\u4f60\u7f6e\u8eab\u65bc\u5ee3\u95ca\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u547c\u5438\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u4fdd\u6301\u975c\u6b62\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u6d77\u908a\u7684\u4e00\u6839\u6728\u6a01: \u6f32\u6f6e\u6642\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5347; \u9000\u6f6e\u6642\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e0b\u6c88\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u4f60\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u975c\u6b62\u5c64\u6b21\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505c\u4e0b\u4e0d\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u55ae\u7d14\u5730\u89ba\u77e5\u547c\u5438\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5730\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5f15\u5411\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u8af8\u7a2e\u547c\u5438\u5c64\u6b21\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u5920\u5347\u8d77\u7a2e\u7a2e\u76f4\u89ba\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c64\u6b21;\u76f4\u89ba\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec: \u5929\u773c\u667a\u3001\u5929\u8033\u667a\u3001\u4ed6\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u56de\u61b6\u524d\u751f\u7684\u667a\u80fd[\u5bbf\u547d\u667a]\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u8207\u52d5\u7269\u6b7b\u5f8c\u91cd\u751f\u8655\u7684\u667a\u80fd[\u751f\u6b7b\u667a]\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u8207\u8eab\u76f8\u806f\u4e26\u80fd\u7232\u8eab\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8af8\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u667a\u80fd[\u795e\u8db3\u667a]\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u81ea\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u7684\u672c\u4f4d[ the bases of the breath]\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u4f4d: \u628a\u5fc3\u5b9a\u65bc\u9f3b\u7aef\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u6162\u6162\u79fb\u81f3\u524d\u984d\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e8c\u672c\u4f4d\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u5bec\u5ee3\u3002\u8b93\u5fc3\u5728\u524d\u984d\u505c\u7559\u7247\u523b\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u5e36\u56de\u9f3b\u7aef\u3002\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5728\u9f3b\u7aef\u8207\u524d\u984d\u9593\u5c07\u5176\u4f86\u56de\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u4e0b\u722c\u5c71\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u505a\u4e03\u6b21\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u8b93\u5b83\u505c\u99d0\u5728\u524d\u984d\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5b83\u56de\u5230\u9f3b\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u6b64\u8655\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u672c\u4f4d: \u982d\u9802\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5728\u8a72\u8655\u505c\u99d0\u7247\u523b\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u5bec\u5ee3\u3002\u5f9e\u8a72\u90e8\u4f4d\u5438\u6c23\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u50b3\u904d\u6574\u500b\u982d\u90e8\uff0c\u7247\u523b\u5f8c\u4f7f\u5fc3\u56de\u5230\u524d\u984d\u4e2d\u592e\u3002\u5728\u524d\u984d\u8207\u982d\u9802\u4e4b\u9593\u628a\u5fc3\u4f86\u56de\u79fb\u52d5\u4e03\u6b21\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u8b93\u5b83\u505c\u99d0\u5728\u982d\u9802\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5e36\u5165\u7b2c\u56db\u672c\u4f4d: \u8166\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u975c\u6b62\u7247\u523b\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u628a\u5b83\u5e36\u51fa\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u982d\u9802\u3002\u5728\u9019\u5169\u8655\u4e4b\u9593\u4f86\u56de\u79fb\u52d5\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u8b93\u5b83\u5b9a\u99d0\u65bc\u8166\u4e2d\u592e\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u5bec\u5ee3\u3002\u8b93\u8166\u5167\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u50b3\u5230\u982d\u90e8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5404\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u4f60\u9054\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u6b65\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u958b\u59cb\u5347\u8d77\u7a2e\u7a2e\u79aa\u76f8[nimitta]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u898b\u5230\u6216\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u982d\u5167\u90e8\u6709\u71b1\u3001\u51b7\u3001\u6216\u9ebb\u523a\u611f\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u898b\u4e00\u5718\u84bc\u767d\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u84b8\u6c23\u3001\u6216\u8005\u770b\u898b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u982d\u9aa8\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4f60\u82e5\u4e0d\u8981\u79aa\u76f8\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u6df1\u9577\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u76f4\u5165\u5167\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u898b\u5230\u79aa\u76f8\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u5e36\u8457\u5ff5\u4f4f\uff0c\u628a\u89ba\u77e5\u805a\u7126\u5176\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e00\u7a2e\u79aa\u76f8\uff0c\u9078\u6700\u8212\u670d\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u4f4f\u5b83\uff0c\u4fbf\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5927\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u982d\u90e8\u3002\u660e\u4eae\u8272\u767d\u7684\u79aa\u76f8\u65bc\u8eab\u5fc3\u6709\u7528: \u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d14\u6de8\u7684\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6d17\u9ad4\u5167\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u75db\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u4f60\u4f7f\u9019\u5718\u767d\u5149\u5927\u5982\u982d\u90e8\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5f80\u4e0b\u5e36\u5230\u7b2c\u4e94\u672c\u4f4d: \u80f8\u90e8\u4e2d\u592e\u3002\u7b49\u5b83\u7262\u56fa\u5b9a\u99d0\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u8b93\u5b83\u64f4\u5c55\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u80f8\u8154\u3002\u4f7f\u9019\u5718\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u5118\u91cf\u767c\u767d\u767c\u4eae\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u8b93\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u8207\u5149\u4eae\u5169\u8005\u50b3\u904d\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u5916\u81f3\u6bcf\u500b\u6bdb\u5b54\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d\u5982\u5716\u50cf\u822c\u81ea\u884c\u5448\u73fe\u3002\u4f60\u82e5\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u4f5c\u5169\u4e09\u6b21\u9577\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u4fdd\u6301\u975c\u6b62\u800c\u5bec\u5ee3\u3002\u5c0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7a7f\u5165\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u7684\u5149\u4eae\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u79aa\u76f8\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u89ba\u77e5\u6500\u9644\u5b83\u6216\u53d7\u5176\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u5be9\u614e\u770b\u5b88\u5fc3\u3002\u4ee4\u5b83\u4fdd\u6301\u5408\u4e00\u3002\u4ee4\u5b83\u9023\u7e8c\u5c08\u6ce8\u55ae\u4e00\u6240\u7de3: \u5373\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u8b93\u9019\u5718\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u547c\u5438\u5f4c\u6f2b\u5168\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9054\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u6b65\u6642\uff0c\u77e5\u898b\u5c07\u9010\u6f38\u958b\u59cb\u5c55\u73fe\u3002\u8eab\u5c07\u8f15\u5b89\u5982\u7d68\u6bdb\u3002\u5fc3\u5f97\u5b89\u606f\u800c\u6e05\u65b0\u2014\u2014\u67d4\u9806\u3001\u7368\u8655\u3001\u81ea\u8db3\u3002\u8eab\u6975\u5ea6\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u5fc3\u6975\u5ea6\u81ea\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5982\u60f3\u7372\u5f97\u77e5\u898b\u8207\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5247\u8981\u4fee\u7fd2\u9019\u4e9b\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u80fd\u5920\u719f\u7df4\u5730\u9032\u3001\u51fa\u3001\u5b89\u4f4f\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u9019\u4e9b\u6b65\u9a5f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u96a8\u6642\u5347\u8d77\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u79aa\u76f8\u2014\u2014\u5373\u90a3\u500b\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u767d\u8272\u7403\u9ad4\u6216\u5149\u5718\u3002\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u898b\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ee4\u5fc3\u5bc2\u6b62\uff0c\u653e\u958b\u4e00\u5207\u6500\u7de3\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u90a3\u5718\u660e\u4eae\u8207\u7a7a\u6027\u3002\u60f3\u4e00\u5169\u6b21\u4f60\u6b32\u77e5\u4e4b\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u5167\u5728\u5916\u5728\u3001\u95dc\u5df1\u95dc\u4ed6\u2014\u2014\u8a72\u77e5\u8b58\u5c07\u6703\u5347\u8d77\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u610f\u50cf\u5c07\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u7232\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u5c08\u7cbe\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f60\u61c9\u7576\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e00\u4f4d\u7cbe\u64c5\u6b64\u9053\u8005\u4fee\u7fd2\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u9019\u7b49\u77e5\u898b\u60df\u6709\u4f86\u81ea\u79aa\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f86\u81ea\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u5206\u5169\u985e: \u4e16\u4fd7\u77e5\u898b[lokiya] \u8207\u51fa\u4e16\u77e5\u898b[lokuttara] \u3002\u6709\u4e86\u4e16\u4fd7\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u6703\u5347\u8d77\u57f7\u53d6\uff0c\u57f7\u53d6\u4f60\u7684\u6240\u77e5\u6240\u898b\uff0c\u57f7\u53d6\u90a3\u4e9b\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7232\u4f60\u5347\u8d77\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u548c\u900f\u904e\u4f60\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u529f\u529b\u7d66\u4f60\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u771f\u8207\u5047\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u9ad4\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u6b64\u8655\u4e4b\u300e\u771f\u300f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5fc3\u9020\u4f5c\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u771f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u9020\u4f5c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u6613\u8b8a\u3001\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u7121\u5e38\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9054\u5230\u51fa\u4e16\u5c64\u6b21\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6240\u77e5\u6240\u898b\u5f59\u96c6\u6210\u7232\u55ae\u4e00\u6240\u7de3[ekaggat\u0101ramma\u1e47a] \u2014\u2014 \u770b\u770b\u898b\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u77e5\u8207\u89ba\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u90a3\u540c\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u660e\u5bdf\u771f\u76f8: \u9019\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4f9d\u5176\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5347\u8d77\u3001\u6d88\u901d\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8a66\u5716\u6293\u4f4f\u4f60\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u89ba\u77e5\u5c0d\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6240\u7de3\u2014\u2014\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u7576\u6210\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8a66\u5716\u6293\u4f4f\u4f86\u81ea\u5167\u5728\u7684\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u7576\u6210\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u96a8\u5176\u81ea\u6027\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u6293\u4f4f\u6240\u7de3\uff0c\u4fbf\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u82e6\u3002\u6293\u7dca\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u8f49\u6210\u82e6\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64: \u5165\u5b9a\u5bc2\u6b62\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u5347\u8d77\u77e5\u898b\u3002\u8a72\u77e5\u898b\u5373\u662f\u9053\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4f86\u4e4b\u5373\u53bb\u3001\u7d66\u4f60\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u82e6\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5fc3\u6293\u7dca\u5b83\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5fc3\u6293\u7dca\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\u7d66\u4f60\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u8af8\u6240\u7de3\u3002\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u96a8\u5176\u81ea\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u6709\u81ea\u5728\u611f\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u6293\u7dca\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u81c6\u60f3\u5b83\u8a72\u9019\u6a23\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u9084\u5728\u81c6\u9020\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u4fbf\u53d7\u7121\u660e[avijj\u0101]\u4e4b\u82e6\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u6642\uff0c\u51fa\u4e16\u77e5\u898b\u5c07\u6703\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u5347\u8d77\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u662f\u6700\u5c0a\u8cb4\u7684\u5584\u5fb7\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u7d93\u66c6\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u559c\u6a02\u3002
\n\u7e3d\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4fee\u6301\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9a5f\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5f9e\u5167\u5fc3\u9664\u53bb\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u826f\u6240\u7de3\u3002
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u5fc3\u4f4f\u65bc\u5584\u6240\u7de3\u3002
\n\u4e09\u3001\u628a\u8af8\u5584\u6240\u7de3\u5f59\u96c6\u6210\u55ae\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u2014\u2014\u5373\u79aa\u90a3\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\u3002
\n\u56db\u3001\u89c0\u6b64\u55ae\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u662f anicca\u1e43:\u7121\u5e38; dukkha\u1e43:\u82e6; anatt\u0101: \u975e\u6211\u4ea6\u975e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u7a7a\u6027\u3001\u865a\u7a7a\u3002
\n\u4e94\u3001\u8b93\u4e00\u5207\u597d\u58de\u6240\u7de3\u9806\u5176\u81ea\u6027\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u7232\u597d\u58de\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u7b49\u540c[8]\u3002 \u8b93\u5fc3\u9806\u5176\u81ea\u6027; \u8b93\u89ba\u77e5\u9806\u5176\u81ea\u6027\u3002\u89ba\u77e5\u4e0d\u751f\u4e0d\u6ec5\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5bc2\u975c\u6cd5[santi-dhamma] \u2014\u2014\u5bc2\u975c\u7684\u5be6\u76f8\u3002\u5b83\u77e5\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u89ba\u77e5\u975e\u5584\u3001\u5584\u975e\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u5b83\u77e5\u60e1\uff0c\u4f46\u89ba\u77e5\u975e\u60e1\u3001\u60e1\u975e\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u89ba\u77e5\u65e2\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u88ab\u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u5143\u7d20\u6027[dh\u0101tu] \u2014\u2014\u5982\u84ee\u8449\u4e0a\u7684\u6c34\u73e0\uff0c\u7121\u7455\u7d14\u6de8\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u7a31\u5b83\u7232 asa\u1e45khata-dh\u0101tu [9]\u4e4b\u6545: \u975e\u9020\u4f5c\u7684\u771f\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u4f60\u80fd\u8d70\u904e\u9019\u4e94\u6b65\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u767c\u73fe\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u6b62\u89c0\u79aa\u4fee\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u8207\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c[\u5713\u6eff]\u3002\u4f60\u6703\u8b49\u5f97\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u5169\u985e\u5584\u679c: \u4e16\u4fd7\u5584\u679c\uff0c\u7232\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u4e5f\u7232\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8846\u751f\u5e36\u4f86\u8eab\u7684\u5b89\u752f; \u51fa\u4e16\u5584\u679c\uff0c\u7232\u4f60\u5e36\u4f86\u5fc3\u7684\u5b89\u752f\uff0c\u5e36\u4f86\u5bc2\u975c\u3001\u6e05\u6dbc\u3001\u7dbb\u653e\u7684\u559c\u6a02\uff0c\u76f4\u8da8\u6d85\u69c3\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u751f\u8001\u75c5\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7c21\u8981\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002\u4f60\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5be6\u4fee\u6642\u5982\u6709\u7591\u554f\u6216\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u50b3\u6388\u6b64\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u6211\u9858\u610f\u5118\u529b\u52a9\u4f60\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5927\u5bb6\u540c\u8b49\u4f5b\u9640\u6559\u5c0e\u7684\u752f\u975c\u8207\u5b89\u8a73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\u8f03\u7232\u6613\u5b78\u3001\u653e\u677e\u3002<\/p>\n

[8]\u300e\u597d\u58de\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u7b49\u540c\u300f: \u64da\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6307\u5f9e\u4e09\u76f8\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u597d\u58de\u6240\u7de3\u7686\u7232\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u82e6\u3001\u975e\u3002
\n[9]\u300easa\u1e45khata-dh\u0101tu \u300f: \u975e\u9020\u4f5c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6d85\u69c3\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e03\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9a5f:
\n\u4e00\u3001\u8d77\u59cb\u4f5c\u4e09\u6b21\u6216\u4e03\u6b21\u9577\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5165\u606f\u3001\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u300f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u51fa\u606f\u3001\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u9640\u300f\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u79aa\u5b9a\u7528\u8a5e\u7684\u97f3\u7bc0\u8207\u547c\u5438\u7b49\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5c0d\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u96a8\u8457\u51fa\u606f\u3001\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5b83\u8212\u9069\u8207\u5426\u3001\u662f\u7a84\u662f\u5bec\u3001\u662f\u9806\u66a2\u9084\u662f\u5835\u585e\u3001\u662f\u5feb\u662f\u6162\u3001\u662f\u9577\u662f\u77ed\u3001\u662f\u6696\u662f\u6dbc\u3002\u547c\u5438\u82e5\u4e0d\u8212\u9806\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f5c\u8abf\u7bc0\u3001\u76f4\u81f3\u8212\u9806\u7232\u6b62\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9577\u5165\u606f\u3001\u9577\u51fa\u606f\u81ea\u611f\u4e0d\u9069\uff0c\u5247\u5617\u8a66\u77ed\u5165\u606f\u3001\u77ed\u51fa\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u547c\u5438\u6709\u8212\u9806\u4e4b\u611f\uff0c\u5247\u8981\u8b93\u9019\u80a1\u8212\u9806\u7684\u547c\u5438\u611f\u50b3\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002\u8d77\u59cb\uff0c\u5f9e\u5f8c\u8166\u6839\u90e8[ base of the skull] \u5438\u5165\u6c23\u611f\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u6cbf\u810a\u67f1\u4e00\u76f4\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u82e5\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5247\u8b93\u5b83\u6cbf\u53f3\u817f\u4e0b\u50b3\u81f3\u8db3\u5e95\uff0c\u81f3\u8dbe\u5c16\u800c\u5916\u51fa\u3002\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5f9e\u5f8c\u8166\u6839\u90e8\u5438\u5165\u6c23\u611f\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u6cbf\u810a\u67f1\u4e0b\u50b3\uff0c\u6cbf\u5de6\u817f\u4e0b\u50b3\uff0c\u81f3\u8dbe\u5c16\u800c\u5916\u51fa( \u5973\u6027\u5247\u5f9e\u5de6\u5074\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u56e0\u7537\u5973\u7d93\u7d61\u6709\u5225) \u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u8b93\u4f86\u81ea\u5f8c\u8166\u6839\u90e8\u7684\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u6cbf\u96d9\u80a9\u4e0b\u50b3\uff0c\u7d93\u96d9\u8098\u3001\u96d9\u8155\uff0c\u81f3\u6307\u5c16\u800c\u5916\u51fa\u3002 \u8b93\u6c23\u606f\u81ea\u5589\u6839\u9032\u5165\uff0c\u6cbf\u8457\u4f4d\u65bc\u524d\u8eab\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u7d93\u7d61\u4e0b\u50b3\uff0c\u7a7f\u904e\u80ba\u90e8\u3001\u809d\u90e8\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u4e0b\u50b3\u81f3\u8180\u80f1\u8207\u76f4\u8178\u3002 \u5f9e\u524d\u80f8\u6b63\u4e2d\u592e\u5438\u6c23\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u4e00\u8def\u4e0b\u884c\u81f3\u8178\u9053\u3002 \u8b93\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u6c23\u611f\u50b3\u64ad\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u878d\u6703\u8cab\u901a\u3001\u4e00\u9f4a\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5b89\u752f\u611f\u5c07\u5927\u6709\u589e\u9032\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5b78\u6703\u56db\u7a2e\u8abf\u606f\u6cd5:
\n(1) \u9577\u5165\u606f\u3001\u9577\u51fa\u606f\uff0c
\n(2) \u9577\u5165\u606f\u3001\u77ed\u51fa\u606f\uff0c
\n(3) \u77ed\u5165\u606f\u3001\u9577\u51fa\u606f\uff0c
\n(4) \u77ed\u5165\u606f\u3001\u77ed\u51fa\u606f\u3002\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u8212\u9069\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u547c\u5438\u3002\u5b78\u6703\u4ee5\u56db\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8212\u9069\u5730\u547c\u5438\u66f4\u4f73\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u72c0\u614b\u8207\u4f60\u7684\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u5c0d\u5fc3\u7684\u672c\u4f4d[bases]\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u805a\u7126\u9ede\u2014\u2014\u5373\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u7684\u505c\u9760\u9ede[resting spots]\u2014\u2014\u719f\u6089\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u54ea\u500b\u672c\u4f4d\u611f\u89ba\u6700\u8212\u9069\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u5b9a\u99d0\u5728\u90a3\u88cf\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u672c\u4f4d\u7576\u4e2d\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b:<\/p>\n

(1) \u9f3b\u7aef;
\n(2) \u982d\u90e8\u4e2d\u592e;
\n(3) \u4e0a\u989a;
\n(4) \u5589\u6839;
\n(5) \u80f8\u9aa8\u4e0b\u7aef;
\n(6) \u81cd\u90e8( \u6216\u7565\u4e0a\u65bc\u81cd\u90e8\u4e4b\u8655) \u3002
\n\u516d\u3001\u64f4\u5c55\u4f60\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f60\u7684\u89ba\u53d7\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u8eab\u3002
\n\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u5168\u8eab\u5404\u8655\u7684\u6c23\u611f\u878d\u6703\u8cab\u901a\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u4e00\u9f4a\u8212\u66a2\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4f7f\u89ba\u77e5\u4fdd\u6301\u5118\u53ef\u80fd\u5bec\u5ee3\u3002\u4f60\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u547c\u5438\u5c64\u6b21\u5df2\u6709\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u6703\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u8af8\u7a2e\u5c64\u6b21\u3002\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u5c64\u9762: \u6709\u7d93\u7d61\u5167\u90e8\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u6c23\u611f\uff0c\u6709\u570d\u7e5e\u7d93\u7d61\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u6c23\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f9e\u7d93\u7d61\u5411\u6bcf\u500b\u6bdb\u5b54\u50b3\u884c\u7684\u6c23\u611f\u3002\u6709\u76ca\u8207\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u6c23\u611f\u4f9d\u5176\u672c\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u6df7\u96dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7e3d\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86:
\n(1) \u7232\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u8eab\u9ad4\u5404\u8655\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u52a9\u4f60\u514b\u670d\u75be\u75c5\u8207\u82e6\u75db;
\n(2) \u7232\u4e86\u6f84\u6e05\u5167\u5fc3\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u7232\u57f9\u80b2\u8da8\u5411\u89e3\u812b\u8207\u5fc3\u6e05\u6de8\u4e4b\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u61c9\u7576\u628a\u9019\u4e03\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u5e38\u8a18\u5728\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u90fd\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3002\u628a\u63e1\u4e86\u9019\u4e03\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u4fbf\u5df2\u958b\u95e2\u4e86\u4e00\u689d\u4e3b\u9053\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u65c1\u8def\u5c0f\u5f91\u2014\u2014\u5373\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u9644\u7523\u7269\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5011\u7232\u6578\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5805\u5b88\u9019\u4e03\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u52e4\u65bc\u4fee\u7fd2\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u5b78\u6703\u628a\u547c\u5438\u8abf\u79a6\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4f60\u628a\u6bcf\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u54e1\u8abf\u79a6\u6709\u5e8f\u3002\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u9644\u7523\u7269\u597d\u6bd4\u5916\u4eba: \u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\u662f\u8a2a\u5ba2\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u81ea\u5bb6\u4eba\u8209\u6b62\u5f97\u7576\uff0c\u4f86\u5ba2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u898f\u77e9\u3002
\n\u6b64\u8655\u7684\u300e\u5ba2\u300f\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u79aa\u76f8[nimi\u0101tta]\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7a7f\u5165\u6240\u89c0\u547c\u5438\u4e4b\u7bc4\u7587\u5167\u7684\u7570\u5e38\u4e4b\u6c23: \u7a2e\u7a2e\u4f86\u81ea\u547c\u5438\u7684\u79aa\u76f8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7232\u8996\u50cf\u2014\u2014 \u6bd4\u5982\u5149\u4eae\u3001\u4eba\u7378\u3001\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7b49\u7b49;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7232\u8072\u97f3\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u4eba\u8072\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4f60\u8b58\u5f97\u3001\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u8b58\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u79aa\u76f8\u53ef\u80fd\u7232\u6c23\u606f\u2014\u2014\u82ac\u82b3\u4e4b\u9999\u6216\u8150\u5c4d\u4e4b\u81ed\u3002\u6709\u6642\uff0c\u5165\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee4\u4f60\u6709\u5168\u8eab\u98fd\u8db3\u4e4b\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4e0d\u77e5\u9951\u6e34\u3002\u6709\u6642\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u53ef\u80fd\u5411\u5168\u8eab\u50b3\u9001\u6696\u3001\u71b1\u3001\u51b7\u3001\u9ebb\u7b49\u89ba\u53d7;\u6709\u6642\u80fd\u4f7f\u904e\u53bb\u5f9e\u672a\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5fc3\u88cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u6b78\u7232\u4f86\u5ba2\u3002\u63a5\u5f85\u4f86\u5ba2\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u8207\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u8abf\u7406\u5f97\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u5b89\u7a69\u3002\u63a5\u5f85\u9019\u4e9b\u4f86\u5ba2\u6642\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u9808\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u7f6e\u65bc\u4f60\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u4f60\u82e5\u638c\u63a7\u4e0d\u4e86\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u8981\u8207\u5b83\u5011\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u4f60\u8d70\u4e0a\u6b67\u8def\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4f60\u82e5\u99d5\u99ad\u5f97\u7576\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4ee5\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7232\u4f60\u6240\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u99d5\u99ad\u4e4b\u610f\u662f\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u610f\u5ff5\u7684\u529b\u91cf[pa\u1e6dibh\u0101ga nimitta\uff0c\u4f3c\u76f8] \u96a8\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u4f5c\u8b8a\u5316\u2014\u2014\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3001\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u9001\u5230\u9060\u8655\u3001\u5e36\u5230\u8fd1\u8655\uff0c\u4ee4\u5b83\u5011\u51fa\u73fe\u3001\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3001\u9818\u9032\u4f86\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u4f86\u8a13\u7df4\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4e00\u65e6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u79aa\u76f8\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u63d0\u5347\u611f\u77e5\u529f\u80fd: \u9589\u773c\u800c\u8996\u7684\u80fd\u529b; \u807d\u9060\u8655\u4e4b\u8072\u3001\u55c5\u9060\u8655\u4e4b\u9999\u7684\u80fd\u529b; \u54c1\u5617\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8af8\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u9ad4\u5167\u9951\u9913\u8207\u6b32\u671b\u611f\u7684\u80fd\u529b; \u96a8\u610f\u5347\u8d77\u67d0\u4e9b\u89ba\u53d7\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u60f3\u6dbc\u5373\u6dbc\u3001\u60f3\u71b1\u5373\u71b1\u3001\u60f3\u6696\u5373\u6696\u3001\u60f3\u6709\u529b\u5373\u6709\u529b\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u7232\u4e16\u9593\u53ef\u7232\u4f60\u8eab\u9ad4\u6240\u7528\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u6703\u4f86\u5230\u3001\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u4f60\u7684\u9ad4\u5167\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u4e5f\u5c07\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u958b\u767c\u667a\u773c[\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a-cakkhu]: \u5bbf\u4e16\u667a\u3001\u751f\u6b7b\u667a\u3001\u6f0f\u5118\u667a\u3002\u4f60\u82e5\u662f\u6a5f\u667a\u9748\u6d3b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u5f85\u9019\u4e9b\u4f86\u5ba2\uff0c\u5b89\u6392\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u4f60\u5bb6\u88cf\u505a\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7232\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u9644\u7523\u7269\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7e\u7a2e\u3002\u4f60\u5728\u4fee\u7fd2\u6642\u5982\u679c\u9047\u4e0a\uff0c\u8981\u4f5c\u8a73\u5118\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u5176\u986f\u73fe\u800c\u751f\u559c\u3002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4e4b\u751f\u55d4\u6216\u6545\u610f\u8996\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u548c\u3001\u4e2d\u7acb\u3001\u614e\u5bc6\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u51fa\u73fe\u4ec0\u9ebd\uff0c\u8981\u4ed4\u7d30\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4fe1\u3002\u5426\u5247\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u4f60\u5f15\u5411\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u662f\u597d\u662f\u58de\u3001\u662f\u5c0d\u662f\u932f\u3001\u662f\u9ad8\u662f\u4f4e: \u4e00\u5207\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u662f\u6a5f\u654f\u9084\u662f\u9072\u920d\u3001\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u624d\u80fd\u3002\u4f60\u82e5\u4e0d\u958b\u7ac5\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u5c0a\u8cb4\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4e5f\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u4f4e\u4fd7\uff0c\u5584\u4e8b\u8f49\u6210\u60e1\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u547c\u5438\u8af8\u5c64\u6b21\u53ca\u5176\u9644\u7523\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u671b\u8b49\u5f97\u56db\u8056\u8c1b\u4e4b\u667a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u4f60\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u89e3\u9ad4\u5167\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u3002\u5728\u9019\u526f\u85e5\u88cf\uff0c\u5ff5\u4f4f\u662f\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u662f\u6eb6\u5291\u3002\u5ff5\u4f4f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d17\u6ecc\u3001\u6de8\u5316\u547c\u5438\u3002\u7d14\u6de8\u7684\u547c\u5438\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d17\u6ecc\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u8840\u6db2\u6e05\u6f54\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u89e3\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u75be\u75c5\u8207\u82e6\u75db\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u4f60\u6709\u795e\u7d93\u5b98\u80fd\u75c7\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u6d88\u89e3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9ad4\u683c\u6703\u5f37\u5065\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee4\u4f60\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u8207\u5b89\u752f\u611f\u5927\u6709\u589e\u9032\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8eab\u9ad4\u611f\u53d7\u826f\u597d\u6642\uff0c\u5fc3\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b89\u5b9a\u6b47\u606f\u3002\u5fc3\u5728\u6b47\u606f\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u7372\u5f97\u529b\u91cf: \u5750\u79aa\u6642\u6d88\u89e3\u4e00\u5207\u75db\u611f\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u4e45\u5750\u3002\u8eab\u96e2\u75db\u6642\uff0c\u5fc3\u96e2\u4e94\u84cb[n\u012bvara\u1e47\u0101] \u3002\u8eab\u5fc3\u5169\u8005\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u8b02\u5b9a\u529b[sam\u0101dhi-bala\u1e43] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u4f60\u7684\u5b9a\u529b\u5f37\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u6b65\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5347\u8d77\u660e\u8fa8: \u5373\u5c0d\u82e6\u3001\u82e6\u56e0\u3001\u82e6\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u3001\u82e6\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u4e4b\u9053\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6b64\u56db\u8c1b\u5118\u898b\u65bc\u547c\u5438\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u89e3\u8aaa:<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u7232\u82e6[11]: \u5165\u606f\u7232\u82e6\u4e4b\u751f\uff0c\u51fa\u606f\u7232\u82e6\u4e4b\u6ec5\u3002\u5c0d\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u7121\u89ba\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u89e3\u547c\u5438\u4e4b\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u662f\u7232\u82e6\u56e0\u3002\u5165\u606f\u6642\u6709\u89ba\u77e5\u3001\u51fa\u606f\u6642\u6709\u89ba\u77e5\u3001\u660e\u5bdf\u547c\u5438\u4e4b\u672c\u8cea\u2014\u2014\u5982\u5be6\u77e5\u898b\u547c\u5438\u771f\u76f8\u2014\u2014\u5373\u7232\u516b\u8056\u9053\u9053\u652f[\u8981\u7d20] \u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6b63\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e86\u89e3\u54ea\u4e9b\u547c\u5438\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u8212\u9069\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8b8a\u547c\u5438\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u300e\u90a3\u7a2e\u547c\u5438\u4e0d\u8212\u9806;\u6211\u9700\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u547c\u5438\u624d\u6709\u81ea\u5728\u611f\u300f: \u6b64\u7232\u6b63\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0b\u60f3\u8207\u6b63\u78ba\u8a55\u4f30\u547c\u5438\u8af8\u5c64\u6b21: \u9019\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7406\u7d20\u8cea\u7232\u6b63\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u547c\u5438\u6de8\u5316\u8840\u6db2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u9019\u80a1\u7d14\u6de8\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u6ecb\u990a\u5fc3\u808c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8abf\u606f\u4ee4\u8eab\u5fc3\u8f15\u5b89\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8abf\u606f\u4ee4\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\u6709\u6eff\u8db3\u8207\u6e05\u65b0\u4e4b\u611f:\u6b64\u7232\u6b63\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u547c\u5438\u6de8\u5316\u8840\u6db2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u8fd9\u80a1\u7eaf\u6de8\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u6ecb\u517b\u5fc3\u808c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u606f\u4ee4\u8eab\u5fc3\u8f7b\u5b89\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u606f\u4ee4\u8eab\u4e0e\u5fc3\u6709\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0e\u6e05\u65b0\u4e4b\u611f:\u6b64\u4e3a\u6b63\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8abf\u6574\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4ee4\u8eab\u5fc3\u5b89\u9069\uff0c\u672a\u5118\u81ea\u5728\uff0c\u5247\u7e7c\u7e8c\u52aa\u529b:\u7232\u6b63\u7cbe\u9032\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96a8\u6642\u5c0d\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u4fdd\u6301\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u547c\u5438\u8af8\u5c64\u6b21\u2014\u2014\u4e0a\u884c\u3001\u4e0b\u884c\u7684\u547c\u5438; \u80c3\u90e8\u3001\u8178\u90e8\u7684\u547c\u5438;\u6cbf\u808c\u8089\u6d41\u52d5\u4e26\u5f9e\u5404\u6bdb\u5b54\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u547c\u5438[12]\u2014\u2014\u96a8\u8457\u6bcf\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u628a\u63e1\u9019\u4e9b\u89ba\u53d7:\u6b64\u7232\u6b63\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u53ea\u4e13\u610f\u4e0e\u547c\u5438\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u628a\u5176\u5b83\u4e8b\u626f\u8fdb\u6765\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u547c\u5438\u8d8b\u5411\u7cbe\u7ec6\uff0c\u5165\u5b89\u6b62\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5347\u8d77\u89e3\u8131\u6d1e\u89c1:\u6b64\u5373\u6b63\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u7e6b\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u662f\u7232\u5c0b\u60f3[vitakka \uff0c\u5c0b] \u3002\u8abf\u6574\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u50b3\u64ad\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u662f\u7232\u8a55\u4f30[vic\u0101ra\uff0c\u4f3a] \u3002\u547c\u5438\u8af8\u5c64\u6b21\u5728\u5168\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\u6709\u6eff\u8db3\u6e05\u65b0\u4e4b\u611f: \u662f\u7232\u559c[p\u012bti] \u3002\u8eab\u5fc3\u4ff1\u5f97\u4f11\u61a9\u6642\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u752f\u975c\u81ea\u5728\u4e4b\u611f: \u662f\u7232\u6a02[sukha] \u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u6a02\uff0c\u5fc3\u5fc5\u7136\u8212\u9069\u5730\u5c08\u610f\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ffd\u9010\u96dc\u5ff5: \u662f\u7232\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027[ekaggat\u0101ramma\u1e47a] \u3002\u6b64\u4e94\u8981\u7d20\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6b63\u5b9a\u521d\u968e[\u5373\u521d\u79aa] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u8056\u9053\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u6212\u5fb7\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u76f8\u4e92\u5f59\u5408\u3001\u5713\u6eff\u6210\u719f\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u5c0d\u547c\u5438\u8af8\u5c64\u6b21\u5c07\u5347\u8d77\u660e\u89ba\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u300e\u9019\u6a23\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u5f15\u751f\u5584\u5de7\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u90a3\u6a23\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u5f15\u751f\u4e0d\u5584\u5de7\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u300f\u4f60\u4e0d\u727d\u626f\u5728\u9020\u4f5c\u8eab\u7684\u8af8\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u5373\u547c\u5438\u4e00\u5207\u5c64\u6b21\u2014\u2014\u4e4b\u4e2d;\u4e0d\u727d\u626f\u5728\u9020\u4f5c\u8a9e\u7684\u8af8\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e2d;\u4e0d\u727d\u626f\u5728\u9020\u4f5c\u5fc3\u7684\u8af8\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u597d\u662f\u58de\u3002\u4f60\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u4f9d\u81ea\u6027\u904b\u4f5c: \u662f\u7232\u82e6\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u8056\u8c1b\u53e6\u4e00\u66f4\u7c21\u8981\u7684\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b: \u51fa\u5165\u606f\u7232\u82e6\u8c1b\u3002\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u51fa\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u5165\u606f: \u662f\u7232\u82e6\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6697\u6627\u3001\u7661\u8ff7\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u660e\u5bdf\u547c\u5438\u8af8\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u4e0d\u518d\u57f7\u53d6\u3001\u5c07\u5176\u653e\u958b\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u662f\u7232\u82e6\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u3002\u5c0d\u547c\u5438\u8af8\u5c64\u6b21\u9023\u7e8c\u4fdd\u6301\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\uff0c\u662f\u7232\u82e6\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u4e4b\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u6b65\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6b63\u78ba\u4fee\u7fd2\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u3002\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u8fa8\u8b58\u529b\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u660e\u898b\u56db\u8c1b\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u8b49\u5f97\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u89e3\u812b\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u4f4e\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u82e6\u8207\u82e6\u56e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u82e6\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u8207\u6d88\u89e3\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u5f15\u751f\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u56e0\u3001\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u77e5\u898b\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u80fd\u628a\u9019\u4e09\u8005\u5340\u5225\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4f55\u8005\u69cb\u6210\u8d77\u59cb\u3001\u4f55\u8005\u69cb\u6210\u7d42\u7d50\u3001\u4f55\u8005\u5c45\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u7d93\u5048\u6240\u8a00: sabbe dhamm\u0101 anatta\u2014\u2014\u300e\u8af8\u6cd5\u975e\u6211\u300f\u2014\u2014\u4efb\u5176\u81ea\u904b\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u4fbf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u89e3\u812b\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57f7\u53d6\u6211\u5011\u8cf4\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u56e0\uff0c\u5373\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u860a\u3001\u8655[13]\uff0c\u5373\u7232\u6b32\u53d6[kam\u016bp\u0101d\u0101na]\u3002\u57f7\u53d6\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u7232\u898b\u53d6[di\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u016bp\u0101d\u0101na]\u3002\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u6e05\u6de8\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u7232\u6212\u7981\u53d6[s\u012blabbat\u016bp\u0101d\u0101na]\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u57f7\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u7136\u7232\u9020\u4f5c\u8eab\u3001\u8a9e\u3001\u610f\u7684\u56e0\u6240\u8ff7\u60d1\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7686\u4f86\u81ea\u6697\u6627\u7684\u89ba\u77e5[\u7121\u660e]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5b\u9640\u662f\u5713\u6eff\u628a\u63e1\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u5927\u5e2b\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u4f4e\u5c64\u6b21\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u56e0\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u56e0\u3001\u4e5f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u679c\u3002\u82e6\u8207\u6a02\uff0c\u4ed6\u904b\u7528\u81ea\u5982\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u5169\u8005\u3002\u5584\u8207\u60e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7406\u89e3\u900f\u5fb9;\u6211\u8207\u975e\u6211\uff0c\u4ed6\u5169\u8005\u517c\u4ff1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u4efb\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u53ef\u4f5c\u7232\u82e6\u56e0\u7684\u8af8\u6240\u7de3\u904b\u7528\u81ea\u5982\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u3002\u4f5c\u7232\u8056\u9053\u7684\u660e\u8fa8\u667a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u904b\u7528\u81ea\u5982: \u4ed6\u61c2\u5f97\u5167\u96b1\u8207\u5916\u986f\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u4ee5\u76ca\u50b3\u6cd5\u3002\u82e6\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u904b\u7528\u81ea\u5982\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u3001\u4e0d\u9ecf\u8457: \u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5713\u6eff\u7121\u7f3a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5b\u9640\u5982\u6b64\u653e\u958b\u8af8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u73fe\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u908a\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u5145\u88d5\u4e2d\u653e\u958b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u51e1\u4eba\u51fa\u65bc\u532e\u4e4f\u800c\u300e\u6254\u4e0b\u300f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u628a\u8af8\u6cd5\u653e\u958b\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4f9d\u820a\u7232\u4ed6\u6240\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u5584\u4fee\u6212\u5fb7\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u76f4\u81f3\u65bc\u8b49\u609f\u90a3\u4e00\u65e5\u6210\u5c31\u5713\u6eff\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u672a\u5c07\u5176\u6452\u68c4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5229\u7528\u6212\u5fb7\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u8af8\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u822c\u6d85\u69c3[parinibb\u0101na] \u90a3\u4e00\u65e5\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u628a\u63e1\u8457\u79aa\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u812b\u767c\u751f\u5728\u8272\u754c\u79aa\u90a3\u8207\u7121\u8272\u754c\u79aa\u90a3\u4e4b\u9593[14]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u6392\u65a5\u6212\u5fb7\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u9858\u5b88\u6212\uff0c\u6015\u53d7\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u9858\u4fee\u5b9a\uff0c\u6015\u8b8a\u7661\u8b8a\u72c2\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u771f\u76f8\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e73\u5e38\u65e9\u5df2\u65e2\u7661\u53c8\u72c2\uff0c\u4fee\u5b9a\u624d\u662f\u6b62\u606f\u7661\u72c2\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u81ea\u6211\u8a13\u7df4\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d14\u6de8\u7684\u660e\u8fa8\u624d\u6703\u5347\u8d77\uff0c\u5982\u5bf6\u77f3\u9808\u7d93\u5207\u78e8\u65b9\u986f\u5176\u9583\u5149\u672c\u6027\u3002\u9019\u624d\u662f\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5be6\u7684\u660e\u8fa8\u667a\u3002\u5b83\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u5404\u81ea\u8b49\u77e5[paccatta\u1e43]: \u53ea\u6709\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u5347\u8d77\u5b83\u3001\u9818\u609f\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u591a\u6578\u4eba\uff0c\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u8aa4\u89e3\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u6211\u5011\u62ff\u8457\u647b\u96dc\u8457\u7a2e\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4eff\u5192\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u58d3\u5236\u771f\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u73bb\u7483\u4e0a\u934d\u6c34\u9280\u5f8c\uff0c\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6620\u5f71\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ee5\u7232\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u89c0\u5bdf\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u5999\u65b9\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u904e\u5982\u7334\u5b50\u89c0\u93e1: \u8b8a\u4e00\u7232\u4e8c\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u73a9\u8cde\u93e1\u50cf\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u6c34\u9280\u892a\u53bb\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u93e1\u50cf\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u5782\u982d\u55aa\u6c23\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6191\u8457\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5148\u898b\uff0c\u4f5c\u60f3\u8c61\u3001\u81c6\u6e2c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4eff\u5192\u660e\u8fa8\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64: \u7b49\u5230\u9762\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u8d70\u5411\u60b2\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u60df\u5728\u65bc\u4fee\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5982\u947d\u77f3\u822c\u81ea\u653e\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u660e\u8655\u6697\u8655\uff0c\u71a0\u71a0\u751f\u8f1d\u3002\u93e1\u5b50\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u660e\u8655\u7528\uff0c\u62ff\u5230\u6697\u8655\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u7167\u4e0d\u898b\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u584a\u81ea\u7136\u767c\u5149\u7684\u7cbe\u96d5\u5bf6\u77f3\uff0c\u5247\u96a8\u8655\u660e\u4eae\u3002\u4f5b\u9640\u6559\u5c0e\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e16\u4e0a\u7121\u660e\u8fa8\u7a7f\u900f\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u5c01\u9589\u6216\u79d8\u5bc6\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6b64\u610f\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u584a\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u5bf6\u77f3\uff0c\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u6467\u6bc0\u6e34\u611b\u3001\u57f7\u53d6\u3001\u7121\u660e\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u6b8a\u52dd: \u6d85\u69c3\u2014\u2014\u9060\u96e2\u82e6\u75db\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u6e6e\u6ec5\u3001\u6d88\u4ea1\u2014\u2014\u5f97\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e4b\u6cd5[amata-dhamma] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u53ea\u95dc\u5fc3\u660e\u8fa8\u3001\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u4e4d\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u60f3\u5b78\u82e6\u3001\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u975e\u6211\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u2014\u2014\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u4f5b\u9640\u5728\u6559\u5c0e\u8af8\u884c[\u9020\u4f5c] \u7121\u5e38\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0b\u529f\u592b\u4e86\u89e3\u8af8\u884c\uff0c\u4ee4\u5b83\u5011\u986f\u73fe\u5176\u6052\u5e38\u3002\u5728\u6559\u5c0e\u8af8\u884c\u7686\u82e6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u628a\u8a72\u82e6\u8f49\u6210\u5b89\u6a02\u3002\u5728\u6559\u5c0e\u8af8\u6cd5\u975e\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u628a\u975e\u6211\u8f49\u6210\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u898b\u96b1\u85cf\u65bc\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u82e6\u3001\u975e\u6211\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u6052\u5e38\u8207\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u4ed6\u63a5\u8457\u628a\u9019\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7d20\u8cea\u5f59\u96c6\u7232\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u82e6\u3001\u975e\u6211\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5f59\u96c6\u7232\u540c\u4e00\u985e: \u5373\u4e16\u9593\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u9020\u4f5c[sa\u1e45kh\u0101r\u0101] \u2014\u2014\u4e16\u4e0a\u5230\u8655\u7b49\u540c\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u985e\u5225\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5e38\u3001\u6a02\u3001\u6211\uff0c\u5247\u5c6c\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u985e: \u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u9020\u4f5c\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u4ed6\u628a\u5169\u985e\u90fd\u653e\u958b\uff0c\u4e0d\u62d8\u7e6b\u65bc\u300e\u5e38\u300f\u8207\u300e\u7121\u5e38\u300f\u3001\u300e\u6a02\u300f\u8207\u300e\u82e6\u300f\u3001\u300e\u6211\u300f\u8207\u300e\u975e\u6211\u300f\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7232\u4ec0\u9ebd\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u8b49\u5f97\u89e3\u812b\u3001\u6e05\u6de8\u3001\u6d85\u69c3\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u4ed6\u7121\u9700\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u57f7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u9020\u4f5c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4e16\u9593\u9020\u4f5c\u3001\u6cd5\u9020\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0a\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u5373\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u4fee\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u526f\u80f8\u6709\u6210\u7af9\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u672a\u66fe\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u537b\u597d\u50cf\u4e8b\u7562\u529f\u6210\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u60f3\u653e\u958b\uff0c\u8b49\u5f97\u752f\u975c\u8207\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6839\u57fa\u82e5\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u653e\u958b\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u7f3a\u9699: \u6211\u5011\u7684\u752f\u975c\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u7247\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89e3\u812b\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7576\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u8aa0\u610f\u3001\u4e00\u5fc3\u60f3\u8b49\u6700\u9ad8\u679c\u4f4d\u8005\u61c9\u7576\u81ea\u554f: \u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6253\u4e0b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u790e? \u4e0d\u5177\u5099\u89e3\u812b\u8207\u653e\u958b\u7684\u826f\u597d\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u7372\u5f97\u81ea\u7531?<\/p>\n

\u4f5b\u9640\u6559\u5c0e\u8aaa\uff0c\u6212\u5fb7\u53ef\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u666e\u901a\u96dc\u67d3\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u8a00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7c97\u7cd9\u932f\u5931; \u5b9a\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u4e2d\u7b49\u96dc\u67d3\uff0c\u5982\u611f\u5b98\u4e4b\u6b32\u3001\u60e1\u610f\u3001\u660f\u7761\u3001\u6389\u8209\u3001\u7591; \u660e\u8fa8\u53ef\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u96dc\u67d3\uff0c\u5982\u6e34\u6c42\u3001\u57f7\u53d6\u3001\u7121\u660e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u96d6\u7136\u8fa8\u8b58\u654f\u92b3\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u95e1\u660e\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u7d30\u5fae\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u537b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7121\u6cd5\u64fa\u812b\u6191\u8457\u6212\u5fb7\u5373\u80fd\u5920\u514b\u670d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u96dc\u67d3\u3002\u9019\u8aaa\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6212\u5fb7\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u5fc5\u6709\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6212\u5fb7\u4e5f\u8a31\u5f92\u6709\u5176\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b9a\u529b\u4e5f\u8a31\u5b58\u6c59\u7d0d\u67d3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u660e\u8fa8\u4e5f\u8a31\u50cf\u934d\u6c34\u9280\u7684\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u9762\u5149\u4eae: \u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b49\u679c\u7684\u7de3\u6545\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u7232\u6b63\u597d\u6bd4\u53e4\u8afa: \u5200\u4e0d\u5165\u9798\u2014\u2014\u9ad8\u8ac7\u95ca\u8ad6\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u5b9a;\u5de2\u5916\u4e0b\u86cb\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u6c42\u5916\u5728\u5584\u5fb7\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u4fee\u5fc3\u5165\u5b9a; \u6c99\u4e0a\u7bc9\u57fa\u2014\u2014\u65bc\u7121\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u5c0b\u6c42\u5b89\u7a69\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u505a\u6cd5\u6ce8\u5b9a\u62db\u81f4\u5931\u671b\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u9084\u4e0d\u66fe\u627e\u5230\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u4f9d\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u7576\u5584\u7bc9\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u5b89\u6392\u4fee\u884c\u56e0\u7de3\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u6211\u5011\u671f\u671b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6210\u5c31\u679c\u5831\uff0c\u7686\u4f86\u81ea\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7de3\u3002<\/p>\n

attan\u0101 codayatt\u0101na\u1e43
\npa\u1e6dima\u1e47se tamattan
\n\u81ea\u6211\u8b66\u7b56\u3002
\n\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u5fa1[15]\u3002
\n\u958b\u59cb\u81ea\u89c0\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

[10]\u300e\u5446\u6eef\u6216\u50ac\u7720\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u300f[trance]: \u64da\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u985e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5165\u5b9a\u3001\u4f46\u89ba\u77e5\u7bc4\u570d\u6975\u5176\u72f9\u5c0f\u7684\u5446\u6eef\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u50ac\u7720\u614b\u3002\u6b64\u975e\u6b63\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

[11]\u300e\u82e6\u300f: \u5df4\u5229\u6587\u540d\u8a5e\u53ca\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e dukkha \u3002\u82f1\u6587\u591a\u8b6f\u4f5csuffering[\u75db\u82e6]\u6216unsatisfactoriness[\u4e0d\u6eff]; \u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f85\u5c0a\u8005\u5247\u8b6f\u4f5cstress \u6216stress and pain[\u7dca\u5f35; \u7dca\u5f35\u8207\u75db\u82e6; \u82e6\u8feb] \u3002\u5c0a\u8005\u5728\u5c0d\u4e2d\u8b6f\u8005\u89e3\u91cb\u6642\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6797\u5c45\u79aa\u4fee\u5c0e\u5e2b\u4e4b\u8a00: dukkha \u6307\u4e00\u5207\u5c0d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u64e0\u8feb\u3002\u64da\u76f8\u61c9\u90e856.11 \u300a\u8f49\u6cd5\u8f2a\u7d93\u300b: \u300e\u6b64\u7232\u82e6\u8056\u8c1b: \u751f\u82e6\u3001\u8001\u82e6\u3001\u6b7b\u82e6\uff0c\u6182\u3001\u54c0\u3001\u75db\u3001\u60b2\u3001\u6158\u82e6\uff0c\u8207\u4e0d\u611b\u8005\u5171\u8655\u82e6\u3001\u8207\u611b\u8005\u96e2\u5225\u82e6\u3001\u6240\u6c42\u4e0d\u5f97\u82e6: \u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e94\u53d6\u860a\u82e6\u3002\u300f\u76f8\u61c9\u90e822.86 \u300a\u963f\u52aa\u6a13\u9640\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u4f5b\u8a00: \u300e\u7121\u8ad6\u904e\u53bb\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u8b1b\u7684\u53ea\u662f\uff0c \u82e6\u8207\u82e6\u7684\u6b62\u606f\u3002\u300f\u6545dukkha \u4e4b\u6d1e\u898b\u4f4d\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u4f5b\u6559\u4fee\u6301\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5c0d\u4e94\u860a\u7684\u57f7\u53d6[\u5373\u9020\u82e6\u4e4b\u52d5\u4f5c] \u7d42\u7531\u79aa\u89c0\u4e2d\u5f97\u898b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u7232\u6578\u7a2e\u82f1\u8b6f\u6cd5\u4e2dstress\u76f4\u6307\u79aa\u89c0\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u5c31\u4e2d\u8b6f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300e\u82e6\u300f\u6216\u300e\u82e6\u8feb\u300f\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u4e4b\u5bec\u6cdb\u4f7f\u4e4b\u7232\u5408\u9069\u7684\u8b6f\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0a\u8005\u5c0d\u628a dukkha \u82f1\u8b6f\u7232stress\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u89e3\u91cb\u662f,\u5b83\u628a\u4f60\u5f9esuffering\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u611f\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

[12] \u6b64\u8655\u5c0d\u8af8\u7a2e\u547c\u5438\u4e4b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ea6\u53ef\u898b\u4e2d\u90e828 \u300a\u8c61\u8ff9\u55bb\u5927\u7d93\u300b: \u300e\u4f55\u7232\u5167\u98a8\u5143\u7d20\uff1f\u51e1\u5167\u5728\u7684\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u3001\u662f\u98a8\u7684\u3001\u6709\u98a8\u6027\u7684\u3001\u88ab( \u57f7\u53d6) \u7dad\u6301\u7684: \u4e0a\u884c\u98a8\u3001\u4e0b\u884c\u98a8\u3001\u8179\u4f4f\u98a8\u3001\u8178\u4f4f\u98a8\u3001\u8cab\u7a7f\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e4b\u98a8\u3001\u5165\u606f\u3001\u51fa\u606f\u3001\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u51e1\u5167\u5728\u7684\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u3001\u662f\u98a8\u7684\u3001\u6709\u98a8\u6027\u7684\u3001\u88ab( \u57f7\u53d6) \u7dad\u6301\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u8b02\u5167\u98a8\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u300f\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u300e\u547c\u5438\u300f\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u56e0\u4ee5\u89c0\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u7232\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u6545\u8b6f\u7232\u547c\u5438; \u96a8\u8457\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u89c0\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u547c\u5438\u611f\u66f4\u5b9c\u8868\u8ff0\u7232\u6c23\u611f\u3001\u98a8\u611f\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\u524d\u8a00\u3002\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u6216\u8207\u4e4b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u662f\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c23\u529f\u4e4b\u300e\u6c23\u300f\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u89c0\u606f\u610f\u5728\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5bc2\u6b62\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u51fa\u767c\u5347\u8d77\u89e3\u812b\u77e5\u898b\u3002\u4e2d\u90e8118\u300a\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u5ff5\u7d93\u300b\u8a00: \u300e\u96a8\u5165\u606f\u2026\u51fa\u606f\u4fee\u8fa8\u77e5[paj\u0101n\u0101ti] \u5168\u8eab\u2026\u4fee\u5e73\u606f\u8eab\u9020\u4f5c[\u8eab\u884c] \u2026\u4fee\u8fa8\u77e5\u5fc3\u2026\u4fee\u5e73\u606f\u5fc3\u9020\u4f5c[\u5fc3\u884c] \u2026\u4ee4\u5fc3\u6eff\u8db3\u2026\u4ee4\u5fc3\u5e73\u5b9a\u2026\u4ee4\u5fc3\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

[13]\u300e\u5143\u7d20\u300f[dh\u0101tu]: \u53c8\u8b6f\u300e\u754c\u300f\u6216\u300e\u5c6c\u6027\u300f: \u6307\u5730\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u98a8\u3001\u706b\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u300e\u860a\u300f[khandha]: \u6307\u8272\u3001\u53d7\u3001\u60f3\u3001\u884c\u3001\u8b58\u4e4b\u4e94\u860a\u3002\u300e\u5904\u300f[\u0101yatana]: \u5b98\u611f\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u8c61, \u5373\u773c\u3001\u8033\u3001\u9f3b\u3001\u820c\u3001\u8eab\u3001\u610f\u3001\u8272\u3001\u8072\u3001\u9999\u3001\u5473\u3001\u89f8\u3001\u6cd5\u3002\u898b\u8a5e\u5f59\u8868\u5404\u5df4\u5229\u540d\u8a5e\u4e4b\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

[14] \u898b\u9577\u90e816\u300a\u5927\u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u7d93\u300b: \u300e\u65bc\u662f\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5\u5373\u5165\u521d\u79aa\u3002\u81ea\u521d\u79aa\u51fa\u800c\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79aa\u3002\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79aa\u51fa\u800c\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u79aa\u2026\u7b2c\u56db\u79aa\u2026\u7a7a\u7121\u908a\u7def\u5ea6\u2026\u8b58\u7121\u908a\u7def\u5ea6\u2026\u7121\u6240\u6709\u7def\u5ea6\u2026\u975e\u60f3\u975e\u975e\u60f3\u7def\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u51fa\u8a72\u5b9a\u5883\u800c\u5165\u7121\u60f3\u53d7\u7def\u5ea6\u3002\u2026\u65bc\u662f\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5\u51fa\u7121\u60f3\u53d7\u7def\u5ea6\u800c\u5165\u975e\u60f3\u975e\u975e\u60f3\u7def\u5ea6\u3002\u51fa\u975e\u60f3\u975e\u975e\u60f3\u7def\u5ea6\u800c\u5165\u7121\u6240\u6709\u7def\u5ea6\u2026\u8b58\u7121\u908a\u7def\u5ea6\u2026\u7a7a\u7121\u908a\u7def\u5ea6\u2026\u7b2c\u56db\u79aa\u2026\u7b2c\u4e09\u79aa\u2026\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79aa\u2026\u521d\u79aa\u3002\u51fa\u521d\u79aa\u800c\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79aa\u2026\u7b2c\u4e09\u79aa\u2026\u7b2c\u56db\u79aa\u3002\u51fa\u7b2c\u56db\u79aa\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5373\u523b\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u300f
\n[15] \u898b\u300a\u6cd5\u53e5\u7d93\u300b379: \u300e\u81ea\u6211\u8b66\u7b56\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u8abf\u79a6\u3002\u81ea\u5b88\u3001\u5177\u5ff5\u7684\u6bd4\u4e18\uff0c\u5c07\u5e38\u4f4f\u65bc\u6a02\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

\u79aa\u90a3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u79aa\u90a3[jh\u0101na] \u610f\u8b02\u5168\u795e\u8cab\u6ce8\u3001\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u5c0d\u8c61\u6216\u6240\u7de3\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u89c0\u547c\u5438\u3002
\n\u4e00. \u521d\u79aa\u6709\u4e94\u8981\u7d20[\u4e94\u79aa\u652f][16]\u3002<\/p>\n

(1) \u5c0b\u60f3[vitakka,\u5c0b]: \u9ed8\u60f3\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u5fc3\u9023\u7e8c\u60f3\u8457\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e79\u64fe\u3002
\n(2) \u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027[ekaggat\u0101ramma\u1e47a,\u4e00\u5883\u6027]: \u5fc3\u7e6b\u547c\u5438\u3002\u4e0d\u8b93\u5b83\u504f\u96e2\uff0c\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u5176\u5b83\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u6240\u7de3\u3002\u76e3\u7763\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5c08\u610f\u8abf\u606f\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6c23\u606f\u8212\u9806\u3002( \u5fc3\u5408\u4e00\u3001\u96a8\u6c23\u5b89\u61a9\u3002)
\n(3) \u8a55\u4f30[vic\u0101ra,\u4f3a]: \u5c0d\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u9019\u80a1\u8212\u9806\u7684\u547c\u5438\u611f[\u6c23\u611f] \u50b3\u64ad\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u8207\u9ad4\u5167\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6c23\u611f\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u6709\u6240\u9818\u6703\u3002\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u6c23\u611f\u50b3\u64ad\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u5168\u8eab\u76f8\u4e92\u8cab\u901a\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f97\u5230\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u7684\u5b89\u64ab\uff0c\u75db\u611f\u5c07\u5e73\u606f\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c07\u5145\u6eff\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6c23\u80fd\u3002(\u5fc3\u53ea\u95dc\u6ce8\u8207\u547c\u5438\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002)
\n\u7232\u4e86\u5347\u8d77\u521d\u7985\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u5f59\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u9053\u547c\u5438\u6d41\u3002\u9019\u9053\u547c\u5438\u6d41\u63a5\u8457\u80fd\u628a\u4f60\u4e00\u8def\u5e36\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u7985\u3002
\n\u5c0b\u60f3\u3001\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\u3001\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u6b64\u4e09\u8005\u7232\u56e0\u3002\u56e0\u7de3\u4ff1\u719f\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u986f\u73fe\u4ee5\u4e0b\u679c\u5831\u2014\u2014
\n(4) \u559c[p\u012bti ]: \u7232\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u8207\u6e05\u65b0\u4e4b\u611f\uff0c\u76f4\u8da8\u5167\u5fc3\uff0c\u8d85\u4e4e\u4e00\u5207\u3002
\n(5) \u6a02[sukha]: \u6307\u7531\u5bc2\u6b62\u3001\u7121\u64fe\u800c\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u8eab\u7684\u5b89\u9069\u611f[k\u0101ya-passaddhi,\u8eab\u8f7b\u5b89];\u7531\u81ea\u5728\u3001\u4e0d\u4e82\u3001\u7121\u64fe\u3001\u752f\u975c\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u800c\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u5fc3\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u611f[citta-passaddhi,\u5fc3\u8f15\u5b89] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u559c\u3001\u6a02\u7232\u679c\u3002\u521d\u7985\u7684\u4e94\u7985\u652f\u7167\u6b64\u50c5\u5206\u5169\u985e: \u56e0\u8207\u679c\u3002
\n\u96a8\u8457\u559c\u8207\u6a02\u7684\u589e\u5f37\uff0c\u547c\u5438\u6108\u52a0\u7cbe\u7d30\u3002\u5165\u5b9a\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8d8a\u9577\uff0c\u679c\u5831\u8d8a\u6709\u529b\u3002\u4f60\u5f97\u4ee5\u653e\u4e0b\u5c0b\u60f3\u8207\u8a55\u4f30( \u524d\u671f\u7684\u958b\u8def\u56e0\u7d20)\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u5168\u53ea\u4f9d\u8cf4\u55ae\u4e00\u7985\u652f\u5373\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\u2014\u2014\u9032\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7985\u90a3( \u9053\u5fc3\uff0c\u679c\u5fc3) \u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7985\u90a3\u6709\u4e09\u8981\u7d20: \u559c\u3001\u6a02\u3001\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027(\u9053\u5fc3) \u3002\u9019\u662f\u6307\u5df2\u5617\u5f97\u521d\u7985\u679c\u5831\u4e4b\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u65e2\u5165\u4e8c\u7985\uff0c\u559c\u3001\u6a02\u6108\u5f37\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5169\u8005\u53ea\u4f9d\u8cf4\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u56e0\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u7531\u5b83\u7167\u6599\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c: \u5c08\u6ce8\u547c\u5438\u4ee4\u5b83\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7cbe\u7d30\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u7a69\u5bc2\u6b62\uff0c\u8eab\u5fc3\u5169\u8005\u96a8\u4e4b\u90fd\u6709\u6e05\u65b0\u81ea\u5728\u4e4b\u611f\u3002\u5fc3\u8f03\u5148\u524d\u66f4\u52a0\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u5c08\u6ce8\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5c08\u6ce8\uff0c\u559c\u8207\u6a02\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5f37\uff0c\u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u64f4\u5f35\u3001\u6536\u7e2e\u3002\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5c08\u6ce8\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u628a\u5fc3\u79fb\u5411\u66f4\u6df1\uff0c\u5230\u9054\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u907f\u96e2\u559c\u8207\u6a02\u7684\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u7985\u90a3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u7985\u90a3\u6709\u5169\u8981\u7d20: \u6a02\u8207\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\u3002\u8eab\u5b89\u975c\u3001\u4e0d\u52d5\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u7121\u75db\u611f\u5347\u8d77\u5e79\u64fe\u5b83\u3002\u5fc3\u7368\u7acb\u3001\u5bc2\u6b62\u3002\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u7cbe\u7d30\u3001\u66a2\u6d41\u3001\u5bec\u5ee3\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5718\u5149\u4eae\uff0c\u767d\u5982\u68c9\u7d68\uff0c\u5f4c\u6f2b\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u6b62\u606f\u8eab\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u9069\u611f\u3002\u7e7c\u7e8c\u53ea\u7ba1\u5c08\u610f\u7167\u6599\u9019\u5718\u5bec\u5ee3\u3001\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u3002\u5fc3\u6709\u81ea\u7531: \u7121\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u96dc\u5ff5\u5e79\u64fe\u5b83\u3002\u5fc3\u7368\u81ea\u51f8\u986f\u800c\u7acb\u3002\u56db\u5c6c\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5730\u6c34\u706b\u98a8\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5168\u8eab\u76f8\u4e92\u548c\u8ae7\u3002\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u5168\u8eab\u5404\u8655\u662f\u7d14\u6de8\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u6709\u529b\u91cf\u638c\u63a7\u8207\u7167\u6599\u5176\u5b83\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u5176\u5354\u8abf\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\u7232\u56e0\uff0c\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u4e4b\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u904d\u6eff\u5168\u8eab\u3002\u5ff5\u904d\u6eff\u5168\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7e7c\u7e8c\u671d\u5167\u5c08\u6ce8: \u5fc3\u660e\u4eae\u6709\u529b\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u8f15\u3002\u8af8\u6a02\u53d7\u975c\u6b62\u3002\u8eab\u611f\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u89ba\u77e5\u4e2d\u7121\u7a7a\u6a94\u907a\u7f3a[17]\uff0c\u4ee4\u4f60\u5f97\u4ee5\u653e\u958b\u6a02\u611f\u3002\u6a02\u4e4b\u8af8\u76f8\u8da8\u5411\u975c\u6b62\uff0c\u7de3\u81ea\u65bc\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u4e0d\u52d5\u3002\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\u4f5c\u7232\u56e0\uff0c\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u66f4\u6df1\u6c88\u5730\u671d\u4e0b\u5c08\u6ce8\uff0c\u628a\u4f60\u5e36\u5165\u7b2c\u56db\u7985\u90a3\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5b9a\u529b\u5f37\u5927,\u5149\u71a0\u715c,
\n\u6b64\u7232\u4e86\u77e5\u5927\u5ff5\u8655\u3002
\n\u5fc3\u653e\u5149\u83ef,
\n\u5982\u65e5\u4e4b\u5149\u3002
\n\u96f2\u9727\u4e0d\u853d,
\n\u5149\u7167\u5927\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u671d\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\u653e\u5c04\u5149\u660e\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5ff5\u7684\u8cab\u6ce8\uff0c\u6c23\u660e\u4eae\uff0c\u5fc3\u5168\u7136\u660e\u4eae\u3002\u5b9a\u529b\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u5149\u71a0\u715c\u2026\u2026\u6307\u5fc3\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002\u56db\u5ff5\u8655\u5168\u90e8\u5f59\u805a\u7232\u4e00\u8655\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u300e\u90a3\u662f\u8eab\u3001\u90a3\u662f\u53d7\u3001\u90a3\u662f\u5fc3\u3001\u90a3\u662f\u6cd5[\u5fc3\u7406\u7d20\u8cea] \u300f\u7684\u5206\u5225\u611f\u3002\u7121\u5176\u7232\u56db\u8005\u4e4b\u611f\u3002\u6545\u7a31\u5927\u5ff5\u8655: \u56db\u8005\u7121\u5206\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u6709\u5b9a\u529b\u4e4b\u6545,<\/strong>
\n \u4e13\u6ce8\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u3001\u771f\u5be6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c08\u6ce8\u5fc3\u7684\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5c07\u56e0\u653e\u958b\u4e00\u5207\u6500\u7de3\u800c\u5347\u8d77\u3002\u5fc3\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u5982\u767b\u9054\u9802\u5cf0\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u74b0\u9867\u56db\u65b9\u3002\u5fc3\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u8655\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u652f\u6490\u8457\u5fc3\u7684\u51f8\u986f\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6c23\u2014\u2014\u8655\u65bc\u63d0\u5347\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5fc3\u5f97\u4ee5\u660e\u898b\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u7684\u9020\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u860a\u3001\u8655\u2014\u2014 \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5e36\u8457\u7167\u76f8\u6a5f\u4e0a\u98db\u6a5f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fef\u62cd\u4e0b\u65b9\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u9054\u5230\u6b64\u968e\u6bb5\u5373\u4e16\u9593\u89e3\u5883\u754c\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u5be6\u5730\u77e5\u898b\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u77e5\u898b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u5fc3\u7684\u9818\u57df\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u985e\u89ba\u77e5\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\u667a\u6216\u89e3\u812b\u4e4b\u6280\u80fd\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c07\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u8eab\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u5c6c\u6027\u5c07\u6210\u5c31\u529f\u80fd[k\u0101ya-siddhi\uff0c\u8eab\u6210\u5c31; \u8eab\u6089\u5730]; \u5fc3\u5c07\u6210\u5c31\u97cc\u529b\u3002\u9700\u8981\u4e16\u9593\u6216\u6cd5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u4fbf\u628a\u5fc3\u6df1\u6c88\u6709\u529b\u5730\u5b9a\u805a\u65bc\u6c23\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u5fc3\u7684\u5b9a\u529b\u89f8\u64ca\u6b64\u7d14\u6de8\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u89ba\u77e5\u898b\u5373\u5728\u8a72\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u6e67\u4e0a\u4f86\uff0c\u5982\u5531\u91dd\u89f8\u64ca\u5531\u7247\u800c\u767c\u8072\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u7684\u5ff5\u6ce8\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7d14\u6de8\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u4f60\u60f3\u898b\u5f62\u5247\u5f62\u73fe\uff0c\u6b32\u805e\u8072\u5247\u8072\u8d77\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u9060\u662f\u8fd1\u3001\u6d89\u53ca\u4e16\u9593\u6216\u6d89\u53ca\u6cd5\u3001\u95dc\u5df1\u95dc\u4ed6\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u73fe\u5728\u5c07\u4f86\u2014\u2014\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u6b32\u77e5\u4f55\u4e8b\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u6df1\u6c88\u5165\u5b9a\uff0c\u60f3\u8457\u4f60\u6b32\u77e5\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u667a[\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a] \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u5920\u77e5\u89e3\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u5c07\u4f86\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u654f\u611f\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u60df\u6709\u6191\u4f60\u81ea\u609f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u5c64\u6b21\u3002\u8af8\u5143\u7d20\u5982\u7a7f\u884c\u65bc\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u6ce2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u529b\u8207\u5ff5\u529b\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u767c\u9054\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u6574\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u76f8\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u4f7f\u77e5\u898b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u5347\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u7b2c\u56db\u7985\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e4b\u7232\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u53ef\u767c\u5c55\u516b\u7a2e\u6280\u80fd[\u516b\u660e]:<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\u667a[vipassan\u0101\u2013\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a]: \u5c0d\u8eab\u5fc3\u73fe\u8c61\u4e4b\u751f\u3001\u4f4f\u3001\u6ec5\u7684\u660e\u6670\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u6d1e\u898b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u985e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u4f86\u4fee\u5fc3\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u5169\u985e\u5f62\u5f0f:(1) \u672a\u5047\u601d\u7d22\u4fbf\u77e5\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002(2) \u5c0d\u67d0\u4e8b\u7565\u60f3\u5373\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e00\u822c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7372\u5f97\u9700\u4f5c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u601d\u7d22\u3002\u7247\u523b\u8003\u616e\u9813\u6642\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u98fd\u6d78\u6c7d\u6cb9\u7684\u68c9\u7d68\uff0c\u706b\u67f4\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9813\u6642\u5347\u8d77\u706b\u7130\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u8207\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u8fc5\u6377\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u5c0b\u5e38\u660e\u8fa8\u3002
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u610f\u529b[manomayiddhi,\u5fc3\u529b]: \u4ee5\u610f\u5ff5\u5f71\u97ff\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\n\u4e09\u3001\u795e\u53d8[iddhividh\u012b]: \u793a\u73fe\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e0b\u9020\u51fa\u5f62\u50cf\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u898b\u3002
\n\u56db\u3001\u5929\u8033[dibbasota]: \u9059\u807d\u9060\u8072\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\n\u4e94\u3001\u4ed6\u5fc3\u667a[cetopariya-\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a]: \u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eba\u5167\u5fc3\u5c64\u6b21\u2014\u2014\u5584\u60e1\u3001\u5c0a\u5351\u2014\u2014\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\n\u516d\u3001\u5bbf\u547d\u667a[pubbeniv\u0101s\u0101nussati-\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a]: \u56de\u61b6\u5bbf\u4e16\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002(\u4f60\u82e5\u4fee\u5f97\u6b64\u6280\uff0c\u4fbf\u7121\u9808\u81c6\u6e2c\u6b7b\u5f8c\u662f\u65b7\u6ec5\u9084\u662f\u91cd\u751f\u4e86\u3002)
\n\u4e03\u3001\u5929\u773c[dibbacakkhu]: \u770b\u898b\u9060\u8655\u8fd1\u8655\u7c97\u7cd9\u3001\u7d30\u5fae\u5f62\u50cf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\n\u516b\u3001\u6f0f\u5118\u667a[\u0101savakkhaya-\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a]: \u51cf\u5c11\u4e0e\u706d\u5118\u5185\u5fc3\u6742\u67d3\u4e4b\u6f0f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516b\u660e\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u4f86\u81ea\u4fee\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u5beb\u4e0b\u9019\u4efd\u4ee5\u5ff5\u4f4f\u547c\u5438[18]\u7232\u6839\u672c\u6cd5\u9580\u7684\u4fee\u5b9a\u5165\u7985\u7684\u627c\u8981\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u65bc\u6b64\u3002\u4f60\u5982\u6709\u5fd7\u6210\u5c31\u6b64\u4e2d\u4e4b\u5584\u5fb7\uff0c\u7576\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u5411\u4fee\u7df4\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u8207\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

[16] \u672c\u66f8\u5c0d\u5404\u79aa\u652f\u7684\u8b6f\u6cd5\u9078\u64c7\u4f9d\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u76f4\u8b6f\u3002vitakka : directed thought; \u5c0b\u60f3\uff0c\u5c08\u5411\u601d\u616e\uff0c\u5fc3\u6307\u5411\u6216\u671d\u5411\u6240\u7de3\u6216\u5c0d\u8c61\u3001\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u696d\u8655\u3002vic\u0101ra:
\nevaluation; \u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u4ea6\u5305\u542b\u5206\u8fa8\u3001\u8abf\u6574\u7684\u6210\u5206: \u4f8b\u5982\u8abf\u6574\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u8212\u9069\u3001\u6613\u65bc\u5fc3\u7684\u505c\u4f4f\u3002\u9019\u90fd\u662f\u7985\u5b9a\u6642\u5fc3\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c[actions of the mind] \uff0c\u5373\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u56e0\u3002ekaggat-\u0101ramma\u1e47a: singleness of preoccupation; \u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\uff0c\u5fc3\u5c08\u6ce8\u55ae\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u3002\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u96a8\u8457\u7985\u5b9a\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u6210\u719f: \u521d\u79aa\u6642\u5fc3\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u4e00\u908a\u770b\u8457\u6240\u7de3\uff0c\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79aa\u8d77\uff0c\u5fc3\u9032\u5165\u6240\u7de3\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\u8207\u6240\u7de3\u6108\u8da8\u5408\u4e00[\u5fc3\u7269\u5408\u4e00] \u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8a5e\u7232cetaso ekodibh\u0101va: \u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u5408\u4e00[unification of awareness] ; \u89ba\u77e5\u6210\u7232\u4e00\u5143\u3001\u5408\u4e00\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u8a72\u7d20\u8cea\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79aa\u8d77\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u81f3\u7121\u8272\u754c\u7684\u8b58\u7121\u908a\u8655\u7232\u9802\u9ede\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7232\u7b46\u8005\u5411\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\u8acb\u6559\u6642\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6982\u8981\u3002cetaso ekodibh\u0101va \u898b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79aa\u516c\u5f0f[\u589e\u652f\u90e85.28\u7b49]: \u300e\u96a8\u8457\u5c0b\u60f3\u8207\u8a55\u4f30[\u5c0b\u8207\u4f3a] \u7684\u5bc2\u6b62\uff0c\u4ed6\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7985\u800c\u4f4f: \u7531\u5b9a\u800c\u751f\u7684\u559c\u8207\u6a02\uff0c\u975e\u5c0b\u60f3\u975e\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u5408\u4e00[cetaso ekodibh\u0101va\u1e43]\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

[17]\u300e\u7a7a\u6a94\u907a\u7f3a\u300f\u64da\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\u65e2\u6307\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u6307\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n

[18]\u300e\u5ff5\u300f\u6216\u300e\u5ff5\u4f4f\u300f: \u5df4\u5229\u6587 sati; \u82f1\u6587mindfulness\u3002\u300e\u5ff5\u8655\u300f: \u5df4\u5229\u6587satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na ; \u82f1\u6587\u591a\u8b6f\u4f5c foundation of mindfulness; \u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f85\u5c0a\u8005\u5247\u8b6f\u4f5c frame of reference: \u300e\u53c3\u7167\u6846\u67b6\u300f\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u6846\u67b6\u9396\u5b9a\u76ee\u6a19\u9023\u7e8c\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u64da\u5c0a\u8005\u5c0d\u4e2d\u8b6f\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa\uff0csati \u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u7d20\u8cea\u6216\u80fd\u529b; satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na \u662f\u6307\u78ba\u7acb\u5ff5\u4f4f\u7684\u4fee\u7df4\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u56db\u7a2e\u3002\u5c0a\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u958b\u793a\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4f5b\u9640\u628a sati \u5b9a\u7fa9\u7232\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u56db\u5ff5\u8655\u95e1\u660e\u8a72\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u79aa\u4fee\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528[\u76f8\u61c9\u90e848.10 \u300a\u6839\u5206\u5225\u7d93\u300b]: \u300e\u4f55\u7232\u5ff5\u6839? \u6709\u6b64\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8056\u5f1f\u5b50\u5177\u5ff5\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7cbe\u7d30\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u9577\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u4f5c\u3001\u9577\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8a00\u4ea6\u80fd\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u56de\u61b6\u3002[\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7232\u56db\u5ff5\u8655\u516c\u5f0f:] \u4ed6\u9023\u7e8c\u5728\u8eab\u5167\u5c08\u6ce8\u8eab\u2014\u2014 \u7cbe\u52e4\u3001\u8b66\u89ba\u3001\u5ff5\u4f4f\u2014\u2014 \u5e73\u606f\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8caa\u8207\u6182\u3002\u4ed6\u9023\u7e8c\u5728\u53d7\u5167\u5c08\u6ce8\u53d7\u2026\u5c08\u6ce8\u5fc3\u2026\u5c08\u6ce8\u5fc3\u7406\u7d20\u8cea[\u6cd5]\u2014\u2014 \u7cbe\u52e4\u3001\u8b66\u89ba\u3001\u5ff5\u4f4f\u2014\u2014 \u5e73\u606f\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8caa\u8207\u6182\u3002\u300f\u5ff5\u4f4f\u547c\u5438\u610f\u6307\u628a\u547c\u5438\u7262\u8a18\u5728\u5fc3\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5165\u606f\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fd8\u89c0\u606f\u2026\u73fe\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c08\u6ce8[[attention] \u4ee5\u9593\u65b7\u6027\u7684\u7247\u523b\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f60\u5c0d\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5c08\u6ce8\u53ea\u80fd\u6301\u7e8c\u6975\u5176\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u7247\u523b\uff0c\u82e5\u60f3\u9023\u7e8c\u4fdd\u6301\u5c08\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u4e00\u523b\u63a5\u8457\u4e00\u523b\u5730\u63d0\u9192\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u56de\u8fd4\u5176\u4e0a\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u5c08\u6ce8\u2014\u2014 \u80fd\u5920\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e8b\u7269\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u2014\u2014 \u5fc5\u9808\u628a\u7232\u6642\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u5c08\u6ce8\u9023\u7db4\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5ff5\u4f4f\u7684\u76ee\u7684( \u898b\u300a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5ff5\u4f4f\u300b) \u3002\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u7232\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6797\u5c45\u5c0e\u5e2b\u963f\u59dc\u7d22\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa\u4ea6\u5177\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5be6\u7528\u6027\uff1a\u300e\u60f3\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u8207\u5fc3\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u78ba\u7acb\u5ff5\u4f4f[satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na] \u7684\u52d5\u4f5c[the act] \u3002\u300f\u985e\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u5728\u300a\u56db\u5ff5\u8655\u300b\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300e\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u5fc3\u8207\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u90a3\u689d\u8ef8\u5e36\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

\u79aa\u5b9a\u958b\u793a[19]<\/strong>
\n \u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u5165\u9580 (<\/strong>1957\u5e749\u670827\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u79aa\u4fee\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206: \u5c0b\u60f3\u3001\u89ba\u77e5\u3001\u547c\u5438\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u96a8\u6642\u7dca\u5bc6\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u812b\u96e2\u5176\u4f59\u3002\u300e\u5c0b\u60f3\u300f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\u3002\u300e\u89ba\u77e5\u300f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u51fa\u606f\u5165\u606f\u6709\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u5c0b\u60f3\u8207\u89ba\u77e5\u6642\u6642\u523b\u523b\u8207\u547c\u5438\u7262\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5728\u79aa\u4fee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c(1) \u5b83\u597d\u6bd4\u5927\u5730\uff0c\u652f\u6490\u4e16\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002(2) \u5b83\u597d\u6bd4\u6881\u6841\uff0c\u4f7f\u6a13\u5c64\u7262\u56fa\u4e0d\u6563\u3002(3) \u5b83\u597d\u6bd4\u6728\u677f\u3001\u7d19\u5f35: \u6211\u5011\u5165\u606f\u6642\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u300f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u7528\u624b\u5728\u6728\u677f\u4e0a\u64e6\u4e00\u904d; \u51fa\u606f\u6642\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u9640\u300f\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u518d\u64e6\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u6bcf\u64e6\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u5875\u7c92\u6cbe\u5728\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u4f86\u56de\u56de\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u64e6\uff0c\u90a3\u584a\u677f\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5149\u4eae\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u5b83\u5149\u6ed1\u660e\u4eae\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u770b\u898b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6620\u50cf\u3002\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c0b\u60f3\u7684\u679c\u5831\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u82e5\u662f\u64e6\u8d77\u4f86\u6f2b\u4e0d\u7d93\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u6728\u677f\uff0c\u9023\u93e1\u5b50\u9019\u6a23\u64e6\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63db\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u547c\u5438\u53c8\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u5f35\u7d19\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5165\u606f\u6642\u9ed8\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u300f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u62ff\u8d77\u4e00\u652f\u925b\u7b46\u5728\u7d19\u4e0a\u5beb\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u3002\u9023\u7e8c\u5beb\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b80\u4e00\u8b80\u5beb\u6210\u7684\u5b57\u53e5\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5920\u4e00\u76f4\u8ddf\u8457\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u6642\u5beb\u5c0d\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u5beb\u932f\uff0c\u96dc\u4e82\u7121\u7ae0\u3002\u90a3\u5f35\u7d19\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u6574\u5f35\u7d19\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u96dc\u4e82\u3002\u5beb\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebd\uff0c\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8b80\u61c2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u5fc3\uff0c\u628a\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u5f35\u7d19\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u66f8\u5beb\u51e1\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u5beb\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebd\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0b\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u300f[\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c] \uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u652f\u7b46\u62ff\u5230\u7d19\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u6703\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u505c\u6b62\u66f8\u5beb\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u5f97\u76ca\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u5beb\u5b57\u6642\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u7528\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5b57\u4e0d\u50cf\u5b57\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6a23\u756b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u500b\u4eba;\u756b\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u52d5\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

\u958b\u59cb\u5b78\u5beb\u5b57\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u7528\u7c89\u7b46\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u7c89\u7b46\u7c97\u5927\uff0c\u6613\u5beb\u6613\u64e6\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5c0b\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5b78\u7fd2\u6709\u4e86\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u925b\u7b46\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u925b\u7b46\u7684\u7b46\u8ff9\u6e05\u6670\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u300e\u7236\u89aa\u5728\u54ea\u88cf?\u300f\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u8b80\u51fa\u500b\u5225\u5b57\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u300e\u7236\u300f\u6216\u8005\u300e\u54ea\u300f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u7b97\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u628a\u7c89\u7b46\u6254\u958b\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u8907\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u96a8\u8457\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u8a55\u4f30[vic\u0101ra] \u7684\u529b\u91cf\u53bb\u770b: \u5165\u606f\u662f\u5426\u826f\u597d?\u51fa\u606f\u662f\u5426\u826f\u597d? \u4ec0\u9ebd\u6a23\u7684\u547c\u5438\u6bd4\u8f03\u8212\u9069? \u4ec0\u9ebd\u6a23\u7684\u547c\u5438\u4e0d\u8212\u9069?<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u4f5c\u7cfe\u6b63\u3001\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u9078\u64c7\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u826f\u597d\u7684\u547c\u5438\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u7d66\u8eab\u9ad4\u5e36\u4f86\u5b89\u9069\u611f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u90a3\u80a1\u5b89\u9069\u611f\u4fdd\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0d\u5b83\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u3002\u7576\u5b83\u771f\u6b63\u826f\u597d\u6642\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u5c07\u6703\u5347\u8d77\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u6211\u5011\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u64e6\u53bb\u7b46\u8a18\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u925b\u7b46\u5370\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u696d\u5831\u3002\u56de\u5bb6\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6211\u5011\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u5e36\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u4f5c\u7232\u5bb6\u5ead\u529f\u8ab2\u3002\u5728\u5bb6\u88cf\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u4fee\uff0c\u5728\u5bfa\u9662\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9023\u7e8c\u4fee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u5f35\u7d19\uff0c\u5fc3\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u7d19\u7b46\u8a18: \u54ea\u6015\u5c31\u9019\u9ebd\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u7232\u6a19\u51c6\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u7528\u5fc3\u65bc\u9019\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u5c0b\u60f3\u3001\u89ba\u77e5\u3001\u547c\u5438\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u5347\u8d77\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u77e5\u898b\u7121\u908a\u7121\u754c\uff0c\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u8a00\u50b3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

[19] \u672c\u66f8\u5230\u6b64\u7232\u6b62\u7684\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u7232\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u7684\u6587\u7a3f\u3002\u64da\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f85\u9577\u8001\uff0c\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u5c0d\u6b63\u5728\u5750\u79aa\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u8005\u7684\u958b\u793a\u8a18\u9304\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5c0a\u8005\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u5225\u4eba\u53cd\u8907\u6bd4\u55bb\u8f14\u5c0e\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u53c8\u8f49\u63db\u958b\u793a\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u8b80\u8005\u61c9\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u6709\u5176\u5c08\u6307\u807d\u8846\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u529f (<\/strong>1956\u5e747\u670830\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5750\u79aa\u6642\u9084\u89c0\u4e0d\u5230\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\u544a\u8a34\u81ea\u5df1: \u300e\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u5438\u6c23\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u547c\u6c23\u3002\u300f\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u5728\u4f5c\u547c\u5438\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f60\u6c7a\u610f\u4e0d\u8b93\u547c\u5438\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u9032\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u547c\u5438\u6642\u8a18\u5f97\u9019\u6a23\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u6293\u4f4f\u547c\u5438\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

\u628a\u89ba\u77e5\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u9ad4\u5167\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8a66\u5716\u7981\u9522\u5b83\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8feb\u4f7f\u5fc3\u9032\u5165\u51dd\u6eef\u6216\u50ac\u7720\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5f37\u529b\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u5c4f\u606f\u618b\u6c23\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4fb7\u4fc3\u4e0d\u9069\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u5fc3\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u770b\u5b88\u5fc3\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5b83\u9060\u96e2\u96dc\u5ff5\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u529b\u8feb\u547c\u5438\u3001\u58d3\u5236\u5fc3\uff0c\u8eab\u6703\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u611f\uff0c\u79aa\u4fee\u4e0d\u6703\u81ea\u5728\u3002\u4f60\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u9019\u88cf\u75bc\u3001\u90a3\u88cf\u75db\u3001\u817f\u767c\u9ebb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u8b93\u5fc3\u9806\u5176\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u9023\u7e8c\u770b\u5b88\u5b83\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u5b83\u6e9c\u51fa\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u5916\u5728\u96dc\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8b93\u5fc3\u6e9c\u51fa\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u5b83\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8b93\u6982\u5ff5\u6e9c\u9032\u5167\u5fc3\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u628a\u9580\u7a97\u95dc\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u8c93\u72d7\u3001\u5c0f\u5077\u6e9c\u9032\u5c4b\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u500b\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u9589\u611f\u5b98\u9580\u6236\uff0c\u4e0d\u7406\u6703\u7531\u773c\u5165\u5167\u4e4b\u8272\u3001\u7531\u8033\u5165\u5167\u4e4b\u8072\u3001\u7531\u9f3b\u5165\u5167\u4e4b\u9999\u3001\u7531\u820c\u5165\u5167\u4e4b\u5473\u3001\u7531\u8eab\u5165\u5167\u4e4b\u89f8\u3001\u7531\u5fc3\u5165\u5167\u4e4b\u96dc\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5207\u65b7\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u9580\u6236\u9032\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u65b0\u662f\u820a\u3001\u662f\u597d\u662f\u58de\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e94\u84cb\u4f86\u81ea\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u7530\u88cf\u7684\u96dc\u8349\uff0c\u65e2\u5077\u8d70\u5730\u88cf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u990a\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u838a\u7a3c\u7f3a\u80a5\uff0c\u53c8\u4f7f\u7530\u5730\u96dc\u4e82\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6c34\u725b\u7b49\u7272\u53e3\u8def\u904e\u6642\u5403\u5e7e\u53e3\uff0c\u5225\u7121\u5b83\u7528\u3002\u8981\u662f\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7530\u88cf\u96dc\u8349\u53e2\u751f\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u838a\u7a3c\u5c31\u9577\u4e0d\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6e05\u9664\u5c0d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6500\u9644\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6de8\u5316\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7121\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u628a\u6982\u5ff5\u7576\u6210\u7f8e\u98df\uff0c\u8056\u8005\u5011\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5403\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u84cb\u2014\u2014\u611f\u5b98\u4e4b\u6b32\u3001\u60e1\u610f\u3001\u660f\u7761\u3001\u6389\u8209\u3001\u7591\u2014\u2014\u597d\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u96dc\u8349\u3002\u6389\u8209\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6563\u4e82\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3001\u7126\u8e81\uff0c\u4e00\u9f4a\u767c\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8349\u6709\u523a\u3001\u8449\u7de3\u92d2\u5229\uff0c\u649e\u4e0a\u4e86\u6e3e\u8eab\u8d77\u75b9\u767c\u75db\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f60\u9047\u898b\u6642\u5f97\u628a\u5b83\u6467\u6bc0\u3002\u7d55\u4e0d\u8b93\u5b83\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7530\u88cf\u751f\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n

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20\u300e\u56db\u7a2e\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u300f: \u5373\u56db\u795e\u8db3\u6216\u56db\u5982\u610f\u8db3\u3002\u6307\u6b32\u795e\u8db3\u3001\u52e4\u795e\u8db3\u3001\u5fc3\u795e\u8db3\u3001\u89c0\u795e\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u7684\u7167\u6599\u8207\u6ecb\u990a (<\/strong>1959\u5e745\u67087\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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* * *<\/p>\n

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* * *<\/p>\n

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\u6709\u4f4d\u8001\u6bd4\u4e18\uff0c\u4e03\u5341\u6b72\u4e86\uff0c\u51fa\u5bb6\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u807d\u4eba\u7a31\u8b9a\u6211\u7684\u79aa\u5b9a\u6559\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u4f86\u8ddf\u6211\u5b78\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u982d\u4e00\u53e5\u554f\u8a71\u662f: \u300e\u4f60\u6559\u4ec0\u9ebd\u6cd5\u9580? \u300f<\/p>\n

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\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u8abf\u6574\u3001\u8a55\u4f30\u547c\u5438\u6642\u767c\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62: \u4ed6\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7232\u4ec0\u9ebd\u8abf\u6574\u8207\u50b3\u64ad\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \uff0c\u662f\u505a\u547c\u5438\u79aa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

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\u5fc3\u9020\u4f5c[\u5fc3\u884c]\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f9e\u4e16\u9593\u89d2\u5ea6\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u9593\u9020\u4f5c;\u5f9e\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u6cd5\u9020\u4f5c\u3002\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u7121\u660e[avijj\u0101][21] \u3002\u9019\u7121\u660e\u6d88\u89e3\u6642\uff0c\u89ba\u77e5\u5c07\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5347\u8d77\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u7df4\u7fd2\u589e\u5f37\u5b9a\u529b\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u9020\u4f5c\u6d88\u89e3\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7121\u660e\u4e5f\u5c07\u6d88\u89e3\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u89ba\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u89ba\u77e5\u5c31\u7b49\u540c\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5b83\u662f\u5f9e\u5167\u5728\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u660e\u8fa8\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f86\u81ea\u8001\u5e2b\u6559\u7d66\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u4f86\u81ea\u5c08\u6ce8\u7576\u4e0b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5bc2\u6b62\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u9019\u500b\u89ba\u77e5\u6975\u5176\u6df1\u9083\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u4e16\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u5b83\u4f86\u81ea\u6a19\u7c56\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ecd\u53d7\u300e\u6709\u300f\u8207\u300e\u751f\u300f[[22]\u7684 \u7d81\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8a31\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u89e3\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u77e5\u898b\u81ea\u5df1\u7d93\u66c6\u904e\u7684\u6709\u751f\u72c0\u614b: \u9019\u53eb\u505a\u5bbf\u547d\u667a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8a31\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u89e3\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u77e5\u66c9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8207\u91cd\u751f: \u9019\u53eb\u505a\u751f\u6b7b\u667a\u3002\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u667a\u4ecd\u7136\u6ef2\u6709\u57f7\u53d6\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5fc3\u96a8\u5176\u597d\u60e1\u800c\u6416\u64fa\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u6b63\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u6557\u58de\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u524d\u4e16\u5728\u5584\u754c\u7684\u6709\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u898b\u5230\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e8b\u7269\u6c88\u8ff7\u3001\u6109\u6085\u3001\u8208\u596e\u3002\u770b\u898b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u4fbf\u6c23\u60f1\u3001\u4e0d\u6a02\u3002\u9019\u6839\u672c\u662f\u56e0\u7232\u5fc3\u9084\u57f7\u53d6\u5b83\u7684\u6709\u751f\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u559c\u611b\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u826f\u597d\u6eff\u610f\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u803d\u6a02\u3002\u53ad\u60e1\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u826f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u81ea\u8650\u3002\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u614b\u5ea6\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u504f\u96e2\u4e86\u6b63\u9053\u3001\u6b63\u898b\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u4e4b\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u95dc\u6d89\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9020\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9060\u9060\u504f\u96e2\u4e86\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5b9a\u529f\u4f7f\u5fc3\u529b\u66f4\u5f37\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u7184\u6ec5\u9019\u4e9b\u4e16\u4fd7\u660e\u8fa8\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5fc3\u5c31\u6703\u9032\u5c55\u5230\u51fa\u4e16\u660e\u8fa8\u2014\u2014\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u985e\u66f4\u9ad8\u7b49\u7684\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u4f7f\u5fc3\u89e3\u812b\u57f7\u53d6\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5ff5\u3001\u6b63\u9053\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u597d\u4e8b\u58de\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u751f\u559c\u751f\u55d4\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8846\u751f\u5728\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u8f2a\u8ff4\u53ea\u6709\u53ad\u96e2\u3001\u7121\u6b32\u3001\u60cb\u60dc\u3002\u6211\u5011\u89ba\u5f97\u5b83\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u6beb\u7121\u5be6\u8cea\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u597d\u60e1\u611f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u8017\u76e1\u5c0d\u300e\u81ea\u6211\u300f\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u57f7\u53d6\u3002\u5fc3\u6709\u7bc0\u5236;\u4e2d\u6027;\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u7a31\u7232\u516d\u652f\u820d[chalang-upekkha, \u898b\u8a5e\u5f59\u8868] \u3002\u6211\u5011\u653e\u958b\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u653e\u958b\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u6240\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u6cbf\u8457\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8ecc\u8ff9\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u628a\u60c5\u7dd2\u727d\u626f\u9032\u53bb\u3002\u5fc3\u5c31\u6703\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u89e3\u812b\u6d1e\u898b\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u529b\u66f4\u5f37\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u9023\u8b49\u609f\u6240\u5f97\u4e5f\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u77e5\u50c5\u662f\u77e5\uff0c\u898b\u50c5\u662f\u898b\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u4fdd\u6301\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5fc3\u6d41\u51fa\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u5b83\u7684\u77e5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u6b64\u7232\u6b62\u3002\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u6b64\u7232\u6b62\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u6500\u9644\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5c45\u7232\u5df1\u6709\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5fc3\u5c07\u7372\u5f97\u5168\u529b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u8da8\u5411\u5bc2\u6b62\u2014\u2014\u6beb\u4e0d\u4ecb\u5165\u3001\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9020\u4f5c\u5fb9\u5e95\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u6cd5\u7684\u6e05\u6de8\u614b: \u7a7a\u6027\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u9020\u4f5c\u4e4b\u6cd5\u3002\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u5fc3\u812b\u96e2\u4e16\u9593\u2014\u2014\u7368\u4f4f\u6cd5\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e0b\u3001\u4e0d\u524d\u4e0d\u5f8c\u3001\u4e0d\u9032\u4e0d\u9000\u3002\u5fc3\u597d\u6bd4\u5b9a\u6a01\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u628a\u4e00\u682a\u6a39\u8207\u5b9a\u6a01\u4ee5\u7e69\u76f8\u9023: \u6a39\u88ab\u780d\u5012\u6642\uff0c\u7e69\u7e43\u65b7\uff0c\u5b9a\u6a01\u539f\u5730\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u5fc3\u539f\u5730\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba2\u9ad4\u6216\u6240\u7de3\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6ec5\u5118\u96dc\u67d3\u4e4b\u6f0f\u7684\u8056\u8005\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51e1\u662f\u6309\u7167\u9019\u88cf\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u8b49\u5f97\u5b89\u7a69\u3001\u81ea\u8db3\u3001\u752f\u975c\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u4e00\u5207\u56f0\u64fe\u82e6\u8feb\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u7c21\u8981\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u8db3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u7232\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7232\u6b64\u751f\u5f9e\u82e6\u8feb\u4e2d\u89e3\u812b\u800c\u4fee\u7df4\u5fc3\u3002\u91cd\u8996\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

[21]\u300e\u7121\u660e\u300f[avijj\u0101 ]: \u7121\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u6709\u591a\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u6d88\u89e3\u7684\u7121\u660e\u975e\u7279\u6307\u4e94\u4e0a\u5206\u7d50\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u7121\u660e\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u5bbf\u4e16\u667a\u7b49\u76f4\u89ba\u667a\u4ea6\u7a31\u300e\u660e\u300f[vijj\u0101] \u3002
\n[22]\u300e\u6709\u300f[being; bhava ]: \u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300e\u751f\u300f[birth; j\u0101ti ]: \u51fa\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u9f3b\u7aef (1957\u5e748\u670826\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5750\u79aa\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u75bc\u75db\u6216\u4e0d\u9069\u611f\uff0c\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u5be9\u8996\uff0c\u770b\u5b83\u5011\u5f9e\u54ea\u88cf\u4f86\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u56e0\u6b64\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u7169\u60f1\u3002\u5047\u82e5\u8eab\u9ad4\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5920\u670d\u5f9e\u4f60\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7232\u4e4b\u7126\u8e81\u3002\u96a8\u5b83\u5011\u53bb\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u7232\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4e16\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5177\u4eba\u755c\u4e4b\u8eab: \u90fd\u662f\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u82e6\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f37\u8feb\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54ea\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\u90e8\u4f4d\u670d\u5f9e\u4f60\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5446\u5728\u90a3\u88cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u90a3\u88cf\u4fdd\u6301\u8212\u9069\u3002\u9019\u53eb\u505a\u64c7\u6cd5[dhamma-vicaya]: \u64c7\u5176\u5584\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

\u8eab\u9ad4\u597d\u6bd4\u6a39: \u6c92\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u682a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7121\u7f3a\u3002\u96a8\u6642\u90fd\u6709\u65b0\u8449\u820a\u8449\u3001\u7da0\u8449\u9ec3\u8449\u3001\u9bae\u8449\u67af\u8449\u3002\u5148\u662f\u67af\u8449\u812b\u843d\uff0c\u9bae\u8449\u6703\u6162\u6162\u5730\u67af\u4e7e\uff0c\u9072\u4e9b\u843d\u53bb\u3002\u679d\u5e79\u6709\u7684\u4fee\u9577\u3001\u6709\u7684\u6fc3\u5bc6\u3001\u6709\u7684\u758f\u77ed\u3002\u679c\u5b50\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5747\u52fb\u3002\u4eba\u8eab\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u6a02\u8207\u75db\uff0c\u5206\u4f48\u4e26\u4e0d\u5747\u52fb\u3002\u75db\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u8207\u8212\u9069\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u96a8\u6a5f\u6df7\u96dc\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u78ba\u5b9a\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u6703\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5118\u91cf\u8b93\u8212\u9069\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u4fdd\u6301\u8212\u9069\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u8212\u9069\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u7169\u60f1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u8d70\u9032\u4e00\u6240\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u88cf\u9762\u7684\u5730\u677f\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u673d\u721b: \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5750\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u9078\u673d\u6728\uff0c\u8981\u9078\u4e00\u8655\u5730\u677f\u4f9d\u820a\u7d50\u5be6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u7ba1\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8eab\u9ad4\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e00\u679a\u8292\u679c: \u6709\u8150\u721b\u3001\u87f2\u86c0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u62ff\u5200\u628a\u5b83\u5207\u6389\uff0c\u53ea\u5403\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u597d\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u592a\u7b28\uff0c\u53bb\u5403\u9577\u87f2\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u9ebb\u7169\u4e86\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u5982\u4f60\u6240\u9858\u3002\u5fc3\u60c5\u6709\u6642\u597d\u3001\u6709\u6642\u58de\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u300e\u5c0b\u60f3\u300f\u8207\u300e\u8a55\u4f30\u300f\u61c9\u7576\u5118\u91cf\u7528\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300e\u5c0b\u60f3\u300f\u8207\u300e\u8a55\u4f30\u300f\u597d\u6bd4\u505a\u5de5\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5165\u5b9a: \u8b93\u5fc3\u5728\u5bc2\u6b62\u4e2d\u51dd\u805a\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u5c08\u6ce8\u55ae\u4e00\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u5ff5\u6ce8\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u5c0d\u5b83\u4f5c\u5be9\u67e5\u8207\u89c0\u60f3\u3002\u4f60\u7528\u5c11\u8a31\u7684\u5c0b\u60f3\u8207\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5b9a\u5c07\u7d66\u51fa\u5c11\u8a31\u7684\u679c\u5831\u3002\u505a\u5de5\u7c97\u7cd9\uff0c\u6709\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u679c\u5831\u3002\u505a\u5de5\u7cbe\u81f4\uff0c\u6709\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u679c\u5831\u3002\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u679c\u5831\u4e0d\u503c\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u7523\u54c1\u8cea\u5730\u597d\uff0c\u7528\u8655\u591a\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u539f\u5b50\u8f3b\u5c04\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u7cbe\u7d30\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a7f\u900f\u5927\u5c71\u3002\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u6771\u897f\u8cea\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e0d\u597d\u7528\u3002\u6709\u6642\u4f60\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u653e\u5728\u6c34\u88cf\u6ce1\u4e00\u6574\u5929\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8edf\u5316\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u6f6e\u6c23\uff0c\u5c31\u5316\u958b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u7232(1) \u4f60\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u4e0b\u6c7a\u5fc3; (2) \u4f60\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5207\u5be6\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u4f60\u56de\u907f\u8077\u8cac\u3001\u5077\u61f6\u9003\u5b78\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7528\u5fc3\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u5b9a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
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\u9019\u500b\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u7e7c\u7e8c\u505a\u5584\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u628a\u5b83\u6b78\u65bc\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u505a\u5584\u4e8b\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u5410\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u96e2\u6b32\u6cd5[vir\u0101ga-dhamma] \u3002\u4e16\u4e0a\u591a\u6578\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebd\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u6500\u9644\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u7576\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u2014\u2014\u65bc\u662f\u5f97\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u7167\u770b\u5b83\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5077\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u640d\u8017\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u81ea\u627e\u5931\u671b\u3002\u597d\u6bd4\u541e\u4e0b\u7c73\u98ef\u7684\u4eba: \u5403\u4e86\u5c31\u5f97\u6392\u6cc4\u3002\u6392\u6cc4\u5f8c\u53c8\u6703\u809a\u9951\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5f97\u518d\u5403\u518d\u6392\uff0c\u6c38\u7121\u53ad\u8db3\u4e4b\u65e5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8b49\u5f97\u6d85\u69c3\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u541e\u54bd\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u7c73\u98ef\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u628a\u5b83\u5410\u51fa\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5584\u4e8b\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u958b\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u8015\u5730: \u6ce5\u571f\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5f9e\u7281\u982d\u843d\u4e0b\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u6398\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u653e\u9032\u7d81\u5728\u725b\u817f\u4e0a\u7684\u53e3\u888b\u88cf\u3002\u8ab0\u8981\u662f\u7b28\u5230\u628a\u7281\u958b\u7684\u571f\u6398\u8d77\u4f86\u88dd\u888b\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u4e5f\u8d70\u4e0d\u9060\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u725b\u7d66\u7d2f\u57ae\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7d66\u7d46\u5f97\u8db4\u5012\u5728\u5730\u3002\u90a3\u584a\u5730\u6c38\u9060\u7281\u4e0d\u5b8c\uff0c\u7a3b\u7a2e\u6c38\u9060\u6492\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u838a\u7a3c\u6c38\u9060\u6536\u4e0d\u6210\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u5f97\u6328\u9913\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u8a55\u4f30 (1956\u5e747\u670824\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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* * *<\/p>\n

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\u9019\u500b\u77e5\u898b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f86\u81ea\u8001\u5e2b\u6240\u6559\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u8b1b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u4f5b\u9640\u8d0a\u7232\u6b63\u898b\u7684\u4e00\u985e\u7279\u5225\u7684\u9818\u609f\u529b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9818\u609f\u529b\u8207\u5ff5\u4f4f\u548c\u8b66\u89ba\u5bc6\u5207\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u6b63\u5ff5\u3001\u6b63\u5b9a\u3002\u7576\u6b63\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5fc3\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u679c\u5831\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u751f\u76f4\u89ba\u6d1e\u898b\u3001\u76f4\u8b49\u3001\u6e05\u6de8\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u8da8\u5411\u89e3\u812b\uff0c \u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u5c07\u6703\u7368\u7acb\u3001\u975c\u6b62\u3001\u8f15\u5b89\u2014\u2014\u5305\u5bb9\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u73bb\u7483\u71c8\u7f69\u5167\u7684\u706b\u7130\u3002\u54ea\u6015\u6709\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u98db\u87f2\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u71c8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u706b\u64b2\u6ec5;\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u706b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u9583\u51fa\u4f86\u707c\u50b7\u638c\u71c8\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u3002\u6709\u5ff5\u4f4f\u5728\u9023\u7e8c\u76e3\u7763\u8457\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f38\u5c55\u51fa\u53bb\u63a5\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u5ff5\u982d\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u6703\u5f80\u524d\u9583\u51fa\u3001\u671d\u5f8c\u6643\u51fa\u3002\u5916\u7de3\u4e5f\u95d6\u4e0d\u9032\u5167\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u773c\u2014\u2014\u660e\u8fa8\u4e4b\u773c\u2014\u2014\u5c07\u6703\u660e\u4eae\u3001\u9060\u77da\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u6bd4\u5750\u5728\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u683c\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u671d\u54ea\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u6e05\u4e8c\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

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* * *<\/p>\n

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\u5fc3\u5805\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\uff0c
\n\u7121\u660e\u6d88\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7a7a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

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[23] \u9020\u4f5c\u8eab\u7684\u56e0: \u6307\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u3002\u64da\u4e2d\u90e844 \u300a\u554f\u7b54\u5c0f\u7d93\u300b[[C\u016b\u01c3avedalla Sutta ] \u300e\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u5c6c\u65bc\u8eab\uff0c\u7e1b\u65bc\u8eab\uff0c\u6545\u7a31\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u7232\u8eab\u9020\u4f5c[\u8eab\u884c] \u3002\u5c0b\u60f3\u8207\u8a55\u4f30[\u5c0b\u8207\u4f3a] \u4e4b\u5f8c\u53e3\u767c\u8a00\u8a9e\uff0c\u6545\u7a31\u5c0b\u60f3\u8207\u8a55\u4f30\u7232\u8a9e\u9020\u4f5c[\u8a9e\u884c] \u3002\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u611f\u53d7[\u60f3\u8207\u53d7] \u5c6c\u65bc\u5fc3\uff0c\u7e1b\u65bc\u5fc3\uff0c\u6545\u7a31\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u611f\u53d7\u7232\u5fc3\u9020\u4f5c[\u5fc3\u884c] \u3002\u300f\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u7232\u8eab\u9020\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u6307\u89ba\u77e5\u5df2\u76f4\u89c0\u6d1e\u898b\u9020\u4f5c\u4e4b\u56e0\u8207\u679c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7232\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\u5c0d\u7b46\u8005\u89e3\u8aaa\u7684\u6982\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

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* * *<\/p>\n

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[24]\u300e\u898b\u7011\u6d41\u300f[di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi-ogha]: \u76f4\u8b6f\u7232\u898b\u89e3\u8207\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u547c\u5438\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6 (1956\u5e748\u67083\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u5750\u79aa\u6642\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u3002\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u6b21: \u666e\u901a\u3001\u7cbe\u7d30\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u666e\u901a\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5438\u5165\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u547c\u5438\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u5169\u985e: (1) \u4e00\u985e\u6df7\u5408\u8457\u4e0d\u7d14\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u88ab\u6c59\u67d3\u4e86\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23: \u5b83\u5728\u9032\u5165\u80ba\u90e8\u5f8c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u51fa\u3002\u96dc\u8cea\u7a4d\u6fb1\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u3002\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u96dc\u8cea\u8207\u5fc3\u9ad2\u88cf\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u6df7\u5408\u6642\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a72\u8840\u6db2\u6709\u5bb3\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u5f15\u8d77\u75c5\u75c7\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u75c5\u75c7\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u85e5\u7269\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u6d88\u5931\u3002(2) \u53e6\u4e00\u985e\u666e\u901a\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u6df7\u5408\u8457\u7d14\u6de8\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u3002\u7576\u5b83\u5728\u5fc3\u9ad2\u88cf\u8207\u8840\u6db2\u6df7\u5408\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u6709\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7cbe\u7ec6\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u6eab\u548c\u3001\u67d4\u8edf\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u6d3e\u751f\u800c\u4f86\u3001\u6ef2\u900f\u65bc\u8840\u6db2\u8207\u7d93\u7d61\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u90a3\u80a1\u7d30\u5fae\u7684\u547c\u5438\u611f[\u6c23\u611f]\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u547c\u5438\u8ce6\u4e88\u6211\u5011\u904d\u4f48\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u89ba\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u6bd4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u547c\u5438\u5c64\u6b21\u66f4\u6df1\u3002\u5b83\u6e05\u6dbc\u3001\u5bec\u5ee3\u3001\u7a7a\u6027\u3001\u8272\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50b3\u4f48\u8457\u6ecb\u990a\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u7cbe\u7d30\u547c\u5438[[\u6c23]\uff0c \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u547c\u5438\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u4f5c\u7232\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u547c\u5438\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u57fa\u9ede\u3002\u7576\u9019\u5718\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u6c23\u50b3\u904d\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u90e8\u4f4d\u6642\uff0c\u8eab\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u8f15\u8cea\u3001\u7a7a\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u975c\u4e4b\u611f\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u3002\u5fc3\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u8eab\u611f\u4e5f\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u3002\u9019\u6642\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u5718\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6c23\u611f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u96d6\u7136\u9589\u8457\u773c\uff0c\u537b\u597d\u4f3c\u775c\u8457\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6703\u611f\u5230\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u6c23\u6709\u4e00\u5718\u767d\u5149\uff0c\u597d\u4f3c\u4e00\u76de\u6c7d\u5316\u71c8\u7684\u71c8\u982d\uff0c\u6d78\u6c90\u5728\u5149\u4eae\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u547c\u5438\u3002\u5fc3\u5b89\u8a73\u3001\u5bc2\u6b62; \u8eab\u5b89\u8a73\u3001\u5bc2\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u6642\u5019\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5728\u6b63\u5b9a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u90a3\u88cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u751f\u89e3\u812b\u6d1e\u898b\u3002\u89e3\u812b\u6d1e\u898b\u80fd\u65ac\u65b7\u4e00\u5207\u95dc\u6d89\u904e\u53bb\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5fc3\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u5b88\u8457\u9019\u5718\u5bec\u66e0\u7a7a\u6027\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5fc3\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u7a7f\u900f\u5230\u9019\u500b\u547c\u5438\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\u5b83\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u64fa\u812b\u4e94\u84cb\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5347\u8d77\u660e\u8fa8; \u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7576\u4f86\u81ea\u5bc2\u6b62\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u7372\u5f97\u529f\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5347\u8d77\u529b\u91cf\u8207\u5149\u660e\u3002\u5fc3\u8207\u6c23\u4ff1\u90fd\u660e\u4eae\u3002\u7576\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u5404\u5c64\u6b21\u540c\u7b49\u5f37\u5927\u6642\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u5c31\u6703\u660e\u986f\u8d77\u4f86: \u5b89\u975c\u3001\u5e73\u6ed1; \u7121\u6ce2;\u4e0d\u52d5\u3001\u6027\u97cc\u3002\u9019\u6642\u5019\u7684\u6c23\u4e0d\u53d7\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u8eab\u5b89\u975c\u3001\u7121\u75db\u53d7\u3002\u5b83\u8f15\u8cea\u3001\u98fd\u548c\u3001\u5145\u6c9b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6c7d\u5316\u71c8\u88cf\u7684\u71c8\u982d: \u7121\u9808\u5145\u6c23\u3001\u7121\u8072\u7121\u606f\uff0c\u88cf\u9762\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u4eff\u4f5b\u975c\u6b62\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u71c8\u5149\u8000\u773c\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6709[\u6c7d\u5316] \u7164\u6cb9\uff0c\u71c8\u5c31\u6703\u5927\u653e\u5149\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8eab\u5b89\u975c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e4b\u611f\u3002\u7576\u6c23\u5982\u6b64\u5e73\u6ed1\u3001\u5e73\u7a69\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u8eab\u6709\u8f15\u8cea\u3001\u7a7a\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u975c\u611f\u3002\u9019\u53eb\u505a\u8eab\u8f15\u5b89[k\u0101ya-passaddhi] \u3002\u8207\u9019\u5b89\u975c\u4e4b\u8eab\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u5fc3\u8f15\u5b89[citta- passaddhi]\u3002\u5fc3\u8207\u9019\u500b\u5bc2\u6b62\u5728\u4e00\u8655\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u660e\u4eae\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5149\u660e\u4f86\u81ea\u5fc3\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u5165\u5b9a\u3002\u5fc3\u7262\u56fa\u5165\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u5f15\u751f\u6d1e\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9019\u7a2e\u9ed1\u7070\u6b63\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u6c59\u67d3\u3002\u706b\u5192\u9ed1\u7159\u6642\uff0c\u5149\u4e0d\u826f\u3001\u706b\u4e0d\u826f\u3001\u7159\u4e0d\u826f\u3002\u4e0d\u826f\u9ed1\u7159\u6b63\u662f\u7121\u660e\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u826f\uff0c\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u4e0d\u826f\uff0c\u679c\u5831\u4e5f\u4e0d\u826f\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u9020\u82e6\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7121\u660e\u4e4b\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7121\u660e\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u85aa\u706b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u50ac\u6c57\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90a3\u500b\u706b\u50cf\u70c8\u65e5\u4e00\u6a23\u53c8\u7d05\u53c8\u731b\u3002\u671d\u54ea\u88cf\u805a\u7126\uff0c\u90a3\u88cf\u5c31\u8457\u706b\u3002\u71d2\u4e45\u4e86\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u84cb\u6eff\u4e86\u9ed1\u7070\uff0c\u751f\u706b\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5168\u8eab\u9ad2\u6c59\u3002\u81c9\u9ed1\u624b\u9ed1\u8863\u9ed1\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u4ee5\u7232\u9019\u5c64\u9ed1\u5c6c\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5acc\u3002\u597d\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u81bf\u7621\uff0c\u518d\u9ad2\u518d\u81ed\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6478\u8457\u4e0d\u5acc\u3002\u53ef\u8981\u662f\u770b\u898b\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u81bf\u7621\u9577\u5728\u5225\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u53ad\u60e1\u5f97\u4e0d\u9858\u770b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u4e0d\u9858\u8d70\u8fd1\u8ddf\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u53d7\u7121\u660e\u8499\u853d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u6bd4\u90a3\u500b\u6eff\u8eab\u721b\u7621\u3001\u537b\u4e0d\u77e5\u96e3\u582a\u81ea\u53ad\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u53c8\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u770b\u898b\u81ea\u5bb6\u7ac8\u7246\u4e0a\u7684\u9ed1\u7070: \u770b\u8457\u6beb\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u919c\u964b\u3001\u53ad\u60e1\u3001\u96e3\u582a\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u662f\u5728\u5225\u5bb6\u5eda\u623f\u88cf\u770b\u898b\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u60f3\u8dd1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7121\u660e\u6bba\u6b7b\u4eba\u3002\u7121\u660e\u662f\u9677\u9631\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u666e\u901a\u9677\u9631\u53ea\u6293\u4e9b\u7b28\u7378\uff0c\u8070\u660e\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u6703\u7d66\u6293\u8457\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u611a\u8822\uff0c\u7121\u660e\u6703\u628a\u6211\u5011\u6293\u53bb\u5403\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u7121\u660e\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u9ad4\u5167\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u547c\u5438\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u7136\u5f97\u50b7\u5bb3\u679c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc\u6709\u6b63\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u61c2\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u7232[\u696d] \u7684\u56e0\u8207\u679c\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc\u4fdd\u6301\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u8207\u696d\uff0c\u6703\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u660e\u767d\u5730\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u76de\u81ea\u660e\u71c8\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u660e\u4eae\u5f9e\u54ea\u88cf\u4f86? \u4f86\u81ea\u7164\u6cb9\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u547c\u5438\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u975c\u975c\u7684\uff0c\u50cf\u4e00\u76de\u5927\u653e\u5149\u660e\u7684\u6c7d\u5316\u71c8: \u975c\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u5167\u90e8\u6c92\u6709\u6cf5\u5165\u7a7a\u6c23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8eab\u8f15\u5b89\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u597d\u6bd4\u6c34\u6676\uff0c\u56db\u9762\u900f\u660e;\u53c8\u597d\u6bd4\u71c8\u5149\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u8846\u751f\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684 pabhassaram ida\u1e43 citta\u1e43: \u300e\u6b64\u5fc3\u660e\u6de8\u300f[26]\u3002 \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5920\u5982\u6b64\u4fdd\u6301\u5fc3\u7684\u7eaf\u6de8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c2\u5bdf\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u529f\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u89c9\u77e5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u5fc3\u529b\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u5f3a: \u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\uff0c\u660e\u5bdf\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\u5347\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u628a\u7164\u6cb9\u76f4\u63a5\u6f86\u5230\u6c7d\u71c8\u7684\u71c8\u982d\u4e0a: \u706b\u7130\u9803\u523b\u71c3\u5347;\u5149\u660e\u4e00\u9583\u800c\u8d77\u3002\u6a19\u8a18\u9ad4\u611f[\u8272] \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c07\u6703\u6d88\u5931; \u6a19\u8a18\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5[\u540d]\u7684 \u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6703\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6a19\u8a18\u8207\u547d\u540d\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u5c07\u5728\u5239\u90a3\u9593\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u8272\u7167\u6a23\u9084\u5728\uff0c\u540d\u7167\u6a23\u9084\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u6293\u4f4f\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\u5df2\u88ab\u5207\u65b7\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u96fb\u5831\u7dda\u8def\u5df2\u88ab\u5207\u65b7: \u767c\u5831\u6a5f\u5728\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u6a5f\u5728\u3001\u96fb\u7dda\u4e5f\u5728\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u901a\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u7232\u96fb\u6d41\u4e0d\u518d\u6d41\u52d5\u3002\u60f3\u767c\u96fb\u5831\u7684\u4eba\u5118\u7ba1\u53bb\u8a66\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5207\u975c\u6084\u6084\u7684\u3002\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23: \u7576\u6211\u5011\u5207\u65b7\u6a19\u8a18\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\u6642\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u4ec0\u9ebd\uff0c\u5fc3\u975c\u6084\u6084\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3: \u4e00\u7a2e\u8d85\u8d8a\u7121\u660e\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u9060\u96e2\u57f7\u53d6\u9ecf\u8457\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u5fc3\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u51fa\u4e16\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u9593\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u5b83\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u65bc\u666e\u901a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u300e\u4e16\u754c\u300f\uff0c\u9ad8\u65bc\u4eba\u754c\u3001\u5929\u754c\u3001\u68b5\u5929\u754c\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7232\u4ec0\u9ebd\u4f5b\u9640\u8b49\u5f97\u7121\u4e0a\u6b63\u81ea\u89ba\u9192\u4e4b\u667a\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u80a1\u9707\u52d5\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5168\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u5f9e\u6700\u4f4e\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u7344\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4eba\u754c\uff0c\u4e0a\u9054\u68b5\u5929\u8af8\u754c\u3002\u7232\u4ec0\u9ebd? \u56e0\u7232\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u529b\u5df2\u7d93\u5713\u6eff\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e00\u8def\u76f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u68b5\u5929\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u7576\u89c0\u5bdf\u81ea\u5df1\u73fe\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u4f5c\u7684\u666e\u901a\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u5b83\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u5229\u8207\u5bb3\u5169\u76f8\u53c3\u96dc\u3002\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u6ecb\u990a\u8457\u8840\u7ba1\u8207\u7d93\u7d61\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u547c\u5438\u8abf\u7bc0\u8457\u5168\u8eab\u6c23\u611f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c23\u81ea\u990a\u81ea\u8db3\u3002\u5730\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u706b\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u6c34\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5404\u5404\u8da8\u5411\u81ea\u990a\u81ea\u8db3\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u90e8\u81ea\u990a\u81ea\u8db3\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u8da8\u5411\u5e73\u7b49\u5354\u8abf\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u9ad4\u5167\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u52d5\u8569\u3002\u5fc3\u81ea\u990a\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u8eab\u81ea\u990a\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5fc5\u64cd\u5fc3\u4e86\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u990a\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\u6210\u719f\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u5404\u884c\u5176\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u300e\u5404\u81ea\u8b49\u77e5\u300f [paccatta\u1e43]: \u6211\u5011\u89aa\u81ea\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u300e\u6b64\u6642\u5373\u73fe\u300f[sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko]: \u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u898b\u660e\u6670\u3002\u300e\u7121\u6642\u76f8\u300f[ak\u0101liko]: \u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u4e00\u89c0\u60f3\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7acb\u5373\u7372\u5f97\u8212\u9069\u8207\u81ea\u5728\u3002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u5e74\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u8005\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5168\u6b0a\u63a5\u7ba1\u7236\u6bcd\u5bb6\u696d\u4e86\u3002\u7528\u6212\u5f8b\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8457\u6212\u5e2b\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u5920\u7167\u9867\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u7528\u4f5b\u6cd5\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5c0e\u5e2b\u6216\u6587\u672c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u65b9\u624d\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u8b1b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u600e\u6a23\u7528\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u529b\u53bb\u719f\u6089\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u3002\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u7576\u7167\u6599\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7372\u5f97\u9818\u609f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u96a8\u6642\u5c0d\u9019\u4e09\u985e\u547c\u5438\u4fdd\u6301\u89c0\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u679c\u5831\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\u7684\u81ea\u5728\u2014\u2014\u597d\u6bd4\u5ee0\u4e3b\u4e00\u76f4\u7ba1\u8457\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c6c\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u63a8\u5378\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u8a72\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebd\u5c31\u5f97\u8a8d\u771f\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u679c\u5831\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fc5\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u6216\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5b8c\u6210\u3001\u6216\u8005\u6301\u7e8c\u9032\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

[25] \u6b64\u8655\u300e\u8272\u300f[ r\u016bpa] \u4f9d\u82f1\u6587\u76f4\u8b6f\u7232\u9ad4\u611f[physical sensations];\u300e\u540d\u300f[ n\u0101ma] \u76f4\u8b6f\u7232\u5fc3\u7406\u52d5\u4f5c[mental acts] \u3002\u300e\u8272\u300f\u6307\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c0d\u5167\u5728\u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5448\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u5206\u8005\u7232\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u89c0\u8272\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5c0d\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u300e\u540d\u300f\u6307\u5fc3\u7406\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u7232\u4e94\u860a\u4e4b\u5f8c\u56db\u860a\u7684\u7d71\u7a31\u3002\u7531\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u5347\u8d77\u4e4b\u8272\uff0c\u6307\u7531\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u9020\u4f5c\u7684\u9ad4\u611f\u3002\u7531\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u5347\u8d77\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u6307\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547c\u5438\u6240\u4fc3\u751f\u7684\u5584\u5de7\u6216\u4e0d\u5584\u5de7\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u89ba\u77e5\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u5347\u8d77\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u6307\u61c2\u5f97\u4ee5\u6c23\u606f\u5f71\u97ff\u5fc3\uff0c\u85c9\u8abf\u606f\u628a\u5fc3\u5f15\u5165\u5584\u5de7\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7232\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\u5c0d\u7b46\u8005\u89e3\u8aaa\u7684\u6982\u8981\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u7684\u9ad4\u611f[sensations] \u6b8a\u7570\u65bc\u4e94\u860a\u4e4b\u53d7\u860a[feelings] \uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u6307\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\u7684\u75db\u3001\u6a02\u3001\u4e0d\u75db\u4e0d\u6a02\u4e4b\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

[26] \u89c1\u589e\u652f\u90e81.51- 52 \u300a\u660e\u51c0\u7d93\u300b[ Pabhassara Sutta]: \u300e\u6bd4\u4e18\u5011\uff0c\u6b64\u5fc3\u660e\u6de8\uff0c\u7232\u5ba2\u5875\u67d3\u3002\u672a\u53d7\u6559\u7684\u51e1\u592b\uff0c\u672a\u5982\u5be6\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u2014\u2014 \u6211\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u672a\u53d7\u6559\u7684\u51e1\u592b\u2014\u2014 \u7121\u4fee\u5176\u5fc3\u3002\u300f\u300e\u6bd4\u4e18\u5011\uff0c\u6b64\u5fc3\u660e\u6de8\uff0c\u96e2\u5ba2\u5875\u67d3\u3002\u8056\u8005\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u5be6\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u2014\u2014 \u6211\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u8056\u8005\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u5f1f\u5b50\u2014\u2014 \u6709\u4fee\u5176\u5fc3\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u8def (1956\u5e749\u670814\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5728\u89c0\u547c\u5438\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8a66\u8457\u5207\u65b7\u4e00\u5207\u5916\u7de3\u3002\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u6563\u4e82\u8d70\u795e\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u89ba\u5bdf\u547c\u5438\u8207\u5fc3\u7684\u7cbe\u7d30\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u547c\u5438\u80fd\u91cf[\u6c23\u80fd]\u53ef\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u90e8\u5206: \u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u65bc\u5fc3\u80ba\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u65bc\u8178\u80c3\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u65bc\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u9023\u7e8c\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u547c\u5438;\u4e0d\u904e\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u547c\u5438\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7a2e\u660e\u4eae\u3001\u7a7a\u6027\u7684\u975c\u614b\u7684\u6c23\u2014\u2014\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5fc3\u80ba\u8207\u8178\u80c3\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6a6b\u9694\u819c\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5fc3\u80ba\u4e2d\u84b8\u767c\u7684\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u547c\u5438\u662f\u975c\u614b\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u4f4d\u65bd\u52a0\u58d3\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u65bc\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u7576\u5b83\u78b0\u649e\u8840\u7ba1\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u6696\u611f\u6216\u8005\u71b1\u611f\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5c0e\u81f4\u9f3b\u6c34\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547c\u5438[\u98a8] \u5236\u58d3\u4e86\u706b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u4f7f\u8840\u6db2\u6e05\u6dbc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u706b\u5143\u7d20\u5236\u58d3\u4e86\u547c\u5438[\u98a8] \u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u4f7f\u8840\u6db2\u767c\u71b1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u6070\u7576\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u5347\u8d77\u4e00\u80a1\u8212\u9069\u81ea\u5728\u4e4b\u611f\u2014\u2014\u653e\u677e\u3001\u5bec\u5ee3\u3001\u5bc2\u6b62\u2014\u2014\u597d\u4f3c\u6709\u4e86\u89c0\u5bdf\u5929\u7a7a\u7684\u7121\u7919\u8996\u91ce\u3002\u6709\u6642\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u5728\u611f\u2014\u2014\u653e\u677e\u3001\u5bec\u5ee3\u3001\u4f46\u6709\u52d5\u614b: \u9019\u53eb\u505a\u559c[piti] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u9069\u65bc\u5c08\u6ce8\u7684\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u7a7a\u6027\u3001\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u547c\u5438\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5360\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u89ba\u53d7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7576\u4f60\u6709\u6975\u5176\u653e\u677e\u3001\u6975\u5176\u7a7a\u6027\u3001\u6975\u5176\u8212\u9069\u4e4b\u611f\u6642\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5982\u679c\u6709\u52d5\u611f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u53ea\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u7a7a\u6027\u3001\u653e\u677e\u3001\u8f15\u8cea\u7684\u89ba\u53d7\u3002\u7528\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u64f4\u5927\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u5404\u90e8\u4f4d\u90fd\u6709\u7a7a\u6027\u7684\u89ba\u53d7\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u7a31\u7232\u61c2\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u89ba\u53d7\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u89ba\u53d7\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4fdd\u6301\u5168\u7136\u7684\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u3002\u5426\u5247\u7576\u7a7a\u6027\u6216\u8f15\u611f\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8a31\u4ee5\u7232\u8eab\u9ad4\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u89ba\u53d7\u64f4\u5c55\u958b\u4f86\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u50b3\u64ad\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8d77\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u540c\u6642\u628a\u6574\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\u4f5c\u7232\u89ba\u77e5\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u5c08\u6ce8\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u7a31\u7232\u76f4\u9053 [ek\u0101yana-magga,\u4e00\u4e58\u9053] \u3002\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u6b64\u9053\uff0c\u5c31\u8b6c\u5982\u4f60\u80fd\u628a\u4e00\u584a\u767d\u5e03\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u85cf\u5165\u62f3\u5fc3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c55\u6210\u5169\u7c73\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u4e94\u5341\u516c\u65a4\u91cd\uff0c\u537b\u611f\u89ba\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u516c\u65a4\u90a3\u9ebd\u8f15\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u7a31\u7232\u5927\u5ff5\u8655[mah\u0101-satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u5ff5\u4f4f\u98fd\u548c\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u706b\u7130\u98fd\u548c\u4e86\u6c7d\u5316\u71c8\u71c8\u982d\u7684\u6bcf\u6839\u71c8\u82af\u6642\uff0c\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5354\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u5925\u4eba\u5354\u540c\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b: \u5404\u4eba\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u90a3\u88cf\u51fa\u9ede\u529b\uff0c\u7528\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u4e45\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u8f15\u677e\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u71c8\u982d\u7684\u6839\u6839\u71c8\u82af\u88ab\u706b\u7130\u98fd\u548c\u6642\u767c\u51fa\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u767d\u5149\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u6d78\u6c90\u5728\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u88cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5c0d\u6709\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u6642\uff0c\u8eab\u5fc3\u5169\u8005\u6703\u8f15\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u60f3\u7528\u9019\u80a1\u5ff5\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u611f\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u5927\u653e\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u57f9\u80b2\u8eab\u5fc3\u5169\u8005\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9577\u4e45\u5730\u7ad9\u5750\uff0c\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u5403\u529b; \u8d70\u9577\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u75b2\u52de; \u9577\u671f\u53ea\u5403\u5c11\u91cf\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u9951\u9913;\u4e00\u9023\u5e7e\u5929\u4e0d\u5403\u4e0d\u7761\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5931\u7cbe\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65bc\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u8b8a\u5f97\u6e05\u6de8\u3001\u958b\u653e\u3001\u7121\u67d3\u3002\u5fc3\u4e5f\u5c07\u8b8a\u5f97\u660e\u4eae\u3001\u7121\u754f\u3001\u5805\u5f37\u3002\u4fe1\u529b[saddh\u0101-bala\u1e43]: \u4f60\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5341\u8db3\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u8f1b\u8eca\u958b\u8db3\u99ac\u529b\u5954\u99b3\u4e0d\u606f\u3002\u7cbe\u9032\u529b[viriya-bala\u1e43]: \u4f60\u7684\u7cbe\u9032\u5c07\u6703\u52a0\u901f\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5ff5\u529b[sati-bala\u1e43]: \u4f60\u7684\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u529b\u91cf\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u80fd\u77e5\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\uff0c\u5bbf\u4e16\u667a\u8207\u751f\u6b7b\u667a: \u9019\u5169\u985e\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5ff5\u4f4f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u5ff5\u4e00\u65e6\u5145\u5206\u57f9\u80b2\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u4f7f\u4f60\u77e5\u898b\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u820a\u696d\u8207\u5bbf\u4e16\u3002\u5b9a\u529b[sam\u0101dhi-bala\u1e43]: \u4f60\u7684\u5b9a\u529b\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u52d5\u6416\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebd\u6d3b\u52d5\u6703\u6bba\u6b7b\u5b83\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebd: \u5750\u8457\u3001\u7ad9\u8457\u3001\u8b1b\u8a71\u3001\u884c\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u60f3\u7df4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5fc3\u99ac\u4e0a\u6536\u651d\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u8981\u5165\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u60f3\u5c31\u6709\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u5b9a\u529b\u5f37\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5730\u6b65\u6642\uff0c\u4fee\u89c0\u6beb\u7121\u554f\u984c\u3002\u660e\u8fa8\u529b[pa\u00f1\u00f1a-bala\u1e43]: \u4f60\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u6703\u50cf\u4e00\u628a\u96d9\u5203\u528d\uff0c\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u5c0d\u5167\u5fc3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u6709\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u9019\u4e94\u529b\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u5fc3\u5c07\u6703\u5713\u6eff\u6210\u719f\u3002\u4fe1\u6839\u3001\u7cbe\u9032\u6839\u3001\u5ff5\u6839\u3001\u5b9a\u6839\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u6839[saddhindr\u012bya\u1e43 viriyindr\u012bya\u1e43 satindr\u012bya\u1e43 sam\u0101dhindr\u012bya\u1e43 pa\u00f1\u00f1indr\u012bya\u1e43] \uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6210\u719f\u3001\u4e3b\u5c0e\u3002\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u81ea\u6703\u76f8\u4e92\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6642\u5fc5\u7136\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u6709\u9019\u4e94\u500b\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7232\u4f60\u505a\u4e8b\u6642\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f60\u90fd\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u529f\u529b\u6467\u6bc0\u5167\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u96dc\u67d3\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u6838\u70b8\u5f48\u80fd\u5920\u6467\u6bc0\u4e16\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u6709\u9019\u7b49\u529f\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u89e3\u812b\u6d1e\u898b\u5c07\u6703\u5347\u8d77\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u6839\u56db\u9762\u92d2\u5229\u7684\u9577\u77db\u3002\u5b83\u53c8\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u628a\u5468\u908a\u5e36\u9f52\u7684\u96fb\u92f8\uff0c\u8eab\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u96fb\u92f8\u7684\u652f\u67b6\uff0c\u5fc3\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u5713\u5f62\u92f8\u7247: \u8f49\u5230\u54ea\u88cf\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u628a\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u7d66\u92f8\u958b\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u812b\u6d1e\u898b\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u6211\u5011\u61c2\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u547c\u5438\u66f4\u7cbe\u7d30\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u975c\u614b\u547c\u5438\u64f4\u5c55\u958b\u4f86\u5229\u76ca\u8eab\u5fc3\u5169\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u679c\u5831\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7262\u8a18\u5728\u5fc3\uff0c\u5118\u91cf\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u904b\u7528\u65bc\u79aa\u4fee\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5171\u4eab\u9019\u4e9b\u5584\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u6b62\u8655 (1956\u5e749\u670822\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5728\u9589\u773c\u5750\u79aa\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u628a\u773c\u76ae\u5408\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u50cf\u5165\u7761\u7684\u4eba\u90a3\u6a23\u628a\u8996\u529f\u80fd\u95dc\u9589\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u4fdd\u6301\u773c\u795e\u7d93\u7684\u6e05\u9192\u8207\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c07\u6703\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7761\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed8\u60f3\u4f60\u7684\u5167\u5728\u79aa\u5b9a\u6240\u7de3[\u5c0d\u8c61] \u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u5165\u606f;\u63a5\u8457\u9ed8\u60f3\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u5916\u5728\u79aa\u5b9a\u6240\u7de3\u2014\u2014\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\uff0c\u5373\u89ba\u9192\uff0c\u4e16\u5c0a\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u628a\u5b83\u5e36\u5165\u3001\u4f34\u96a8\u547c\u5438\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u8212\u9069\u5730\u5c08\u6ce8\u547c\u5438\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8981\u8b93\u9019\u80a1\u547c\u5438\u611f\u50b3\u904d\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u611f\u89ba\u8f15\u8cea\u3001\u67d4\u8edf\u3001\u81ea\u5728\u3002\u9019\u53eb\u505a\u5728\u4fee\u5b9a\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u3002\u4ee4\u5fc3\u5b9a\u99d0\u3001\u4e0d\u8b93\u5b83\u812b\u96e2\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u9019\u53eb\u505a\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6240\u7de3\u3002\u8b93\u5ff5\u4f4f\u7262\u7262\u76ef\u8457\u4f60\u7684\u79aa\u5b9a\u7528\u8a5e\u3001\u4e0d\u51fa\u7a7a\u6a94\uff0c\u9019\u53eb\u505a\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f[\u610f\u5fd7] \u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u5fc3\u56fa\u5b88\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u8981\u7d20\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5728\u79aa\u4fee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0b\u6c7a\u5fc3\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u5584\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u826f\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e94\u84cb\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u5077\u5077\u5730\u6e9c\u9032\u5fc3\u88cf\u4f86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6309\u540d\u5b57\u7a31\u547c\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u4e94\u500b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u9019\u88cf\u4e0d\u8ac7\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u53ea\u8aaa\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebd:(1) \u4e94\u84cb\u662f\u6c59\u67d3\u3001\u8150\u6557\u5fc3\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002(2) \u5b83\u5011\u4f7f\u5fc3\u6697\u6627\u3001\u6e3e\u6fc1\u3002(3) \u5b83\u5011\u662f\u963b\u64cb\u5fc3\u56fa\u5b88\u79aa\u5b9a\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u969c\u7919\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u84cb\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u5411\u5916\u6500\u7de3\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5411\u5916\u6500\u7de3\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u7232\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5167\u5728\u6240\u7de3\u4e4b\u5f31\u3002\u5167\u5728\u6240\u7de3\u5f31\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5920\u7262\u7262\u56fa\u5b88\u5b83\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u597d\u6bd4\u8b93\u6c34\u52fa\u6f02\u5728\u4e00\u6876\u6c34\u88cf: \u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebd\u6771\u897f\u628a\u5b83\u93ae\u4f4f\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u52d5\u6416\u3001\u50be\u5012\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5fc3\u7684\u52d5\u6416\uff0c\u958b\u5553\u4e86\u9580\u6236\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u969c\u84cb\u8702\u64c1\u800c\u9032\uff0c\u4f7f\u5fc3\u5931\u53bb\u5e73\u8861\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5fc3\u50be\u5012\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u671d\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u5012:<\/p>\n

(1) \u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5012\u5411\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5ff5\u982d\uff0c\u5f9e\u5169\u500b\u937e\u982d\u524d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u3001\u4e00\u76f4\u56de\u5230\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u5438\u9032\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e3\u6c23\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5e79\u64fe\u5728\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u5206\u5169\u985e: \u6216\u8005\u8207\u4e16\u9593\u4e8b\u6709\u95dc\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u3001\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u3001\u597d\u4e8b\u58de\u4e8b;\u6216\u8005\u8207\u6cd5\u6709\u95dc\u2014\u2014\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u7684\u3001\u6211\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u597d\u4e8b\u58de\u4e8b\u3002(2) \u6216\u8005\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5012\u5411\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5ff5\u982d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u3001\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u3001\u95dc\u6d89\u4e16\u3001\u95dc\u6d89\u6cd5\u3001\u597d\u4e8b\u3001\u58de\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u9019\u6a23\u958b\u59cb\u6f02\u79fb\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u679c\u5831\u5fc5\u7136\u662f: \u6216\u8005\u5f97\u610f\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u803d\u65bc\u4eab\u6a02\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u803d\u65bc\u81ea\u8650\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u9023\u7e8c\u5730\u628a\u63e1\u4f4f\u5fc3\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5e36\u5165\u7576\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u969c\u84cb\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ef2\u900f\u9032\u4f86\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5373\u4f7f\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5b83\u591a\u5c11\u9084\u6703\u52d5\u6416\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u52d5\u614b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u7b97\u932f( \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u6a23\u5229\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u932f;\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u932f\u4e86) \uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u5fc3\u6709\u6240\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u505c\u4f4f\u8655\u3002\u5df4\u5229\u7d93\u5178\u4e2d\u9019\u53eb\u505a\u6c42\u751f\u8005[sa\u1e43bhavesin,\u5c0b\u627e\u6295\u751f\u8655\u7684\u6709\u60c5] \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7d93\u4e0a\u6559\u5c0e\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u8981\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u79aa\u5b9a\u4e3b\u984c\u4f5c\u7232\u5fc3\u7684\u805a\u7126\u8655\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u7528\u96fb\u5f71\u5c4f\u5e55\u4f5c\u7232\u6295\u5f71\u7684\u805a\u7126\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u6210\u50cf\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u898b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7232\u4e86\u4e0d\u8b93\u5916\u7de3\u95d6\u9032\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7d93\u4e0a\u6559\u6211\u5011\u79aa\u5b9a\u6642\u628a\u5fc3\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8655\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u547c\u5438\u4e0a\u3002\u5fc3\u60f3\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u5c0b\u60f3\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5165\u606f\u6642\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u300f\u3001\u51fa\u606f\u6642\u60f3\u300e\u9640\u300f\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5fc3\u7684\u6416\u52d5\uff0c\u90a3\u53eb\u505a\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5f15\u9032\u8a55\u4f30\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u958b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c0b\u60f3\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505c\u4e0b\u91cd\u8907\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u958b\u59cb\u89c0\u5bdf\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u51fa\u606f\u6642\u5b83\u611f\u89ba\u8f15\u677e\u81ea\u7136\u55ce? \u5165\u606f\u6642\u8212\u9069\u55ce? \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8212\u9069\uff0c\u8981\u4f5c\u6539\u9032\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u5c0e\u5fc3\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u60f3\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\u4e86\u3002\u5165\u606f\u5c07\u5e36\u8457\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u611f\uff0c\u6ef2\u900f\u3001\u50b3\u904d\u5168\u8eab\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u653e\u958b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c0b\u60f3\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u505c\u6b62\u91cd\u8907\u300e\u4f5b\u9640\u300f\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u8ddf\u7dc3\u547c\u5438\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002\u5fc3\u7684\u6416\u52d5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6210\u7232\u6211\u5011\u5c08\u6ce8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5c0d\u5916\u7684\u6500\u9644\u5bc2\u6b62\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u300e\u5bc2\u6b62\u300f\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u8033\u807e\u4e86\u3002\u5bc2\u6b62\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u628a\u5fc3\u652a\u52d5\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u51fa\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u5916\u5728\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u904e\u53bb\u672a\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8b93\u5fc3\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u99d0\u7576\u4e0b\u3002
\n\u5fc3\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5165\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u57f9\u990a\u8d77\u654f\u89ba\u8207\u77e5\u898b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u77e5\u898b\u4e0d\u4f86\u81ea\u8ab2\u5802\u8207\u66f8\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u4f86\u81ea\u8e10\u884c\u2014\u2014\u597d\u6bd4\u9020\u74e6: \u958b\u59cb\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6703\u628a\u9ecf\u571f\u8207\u6c99\u647b\u8d77\u4f86\u505a\u6210\u5e73\u74e6\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7e7c\u7e8c\u505a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u77e5\u898b\u6703\u591a\u8d77\u4f86: \u600e\u6a23\u505a\u5f97\u7f8e\u89c0\uff0c\u600e\u6a23\u505a\u5f97\u5805\u56fa\u3001\u8010\u4e45\u3001\u4e0d\u8106\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u6703\u8003\u616e\u505a\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9854\u8272\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u3002\u8d8a\u505a\u8d8a\u7f8e\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u505a\u6210\u7684\u7523\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u6703\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u6210\u7232\u8001\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89c0\u547c\u5438\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u9023\u7e8c\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u600e\u6a23\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5165\u606f\u6703\u719f\u6089\u8d77\u4f86: \u5b83\u662f\u5426\u8212\u9069; \u600e\u6a23\u5165\u606f\u624d\u6709\u8212\u9069\u611f; \u600e\u6a23\u51fa\u606f\u624d\u6709\u8212\u9069\u611f; \u4ec0\u9ebd\u6a23\u7684\u547c\u5438\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u7dca\u5f35\u3001\u4fb7\u4fc3; \u4ec0\u9ebd\u6a23\u7684\u547c\u5438\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u75b2\u52de\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u7232\u547c\u5438\u53ef\u5206\u56db\u985e\u3002\u6709\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9577\u5165\u606f\u9577\u51fa\u606f\u3001\u6709\u6642\u662f\u9577\u5165\u606f\u77ed\u51fa\u606f\u3001\u6709\u6642\u662f\u77ed\u5165\u606f\u9577\u51fa\u606f\u3001\u6709\u6642\u662f\u77ed\u5165\u606f\u77ed\u51fa\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u7576\u89c0\u5bdf\u9019\u56db\u7a2e\u547c\u5438\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u5fc3\u3001\u80ba\u3001\u53ca\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u4f4d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9023\u7e8c\u5730\u5be9\u8996\u8207\u8a55\u4f30\u6642\uff0c\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u5c07\u6703\u6210\u7232\u5167\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u5c07\u6703\u5347\u8d77\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u5347\u8d77\u660e\u8fa8\u3001\u5347\u8d77\u89ba\u77e5\u3002\u57f9\u990a\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4ee5\u9f3b\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u773c\u6216\u8005\u8033\u547c\u5438\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5229\u7528\u900f\u904e\u9f3b\u8154\u7684\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u5b83\u662f\u5916\u986f\u7684\u547c\u5438\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u9996\u5148\u5b78\u6703\u89c0\u5bdf\u5916\u986f\u7684\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u89ba\u5bdf\u9ad4\u5167\u66f4\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u6c23\u80fd\uff0c\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\u6709\u4e94\u985e:
\n(1) \u9023\u7e8c\u6d41\u5165\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u300e\u5ba2\u5c45\u547c\u5438\u300f[[\u0101gantuka-v\u0101yas,\u5ba2\u5c45\u6c23] \u3002
\n(2) \u505c\u7559\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u3001\u4f46\u80fd\u5920\u6ef2\u900f\u5230\u5404\u500b\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u6c23\u80fd\u3002
\n(3) \u539f\u5730\u8f49\u52d5\u7684\u6c23\u80fd\u3002
\n(4) \u80fd\u5920\u4f86\u56de\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u6c23\u80fd\u3002
\n(5) \u6ecb\u990a\u5168\u8eab\u7d93\u7d61\u8207\u8840\u7ba1\u7684\u6c23\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u300e\u5c0b\u60f3\u300f\u597d\u6bd4\u628a\u6ce5\u6c99\u653e\u5165\u7be9\u76e4; \u300e\u8a55\u4f30\u300f\u597d\u6bd4\u6ffe\u6c99\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u628a\u6ce5\u6c99\u653e\u5165\u7be9\u76e4\u6642\uff0c\u6c99\u7c92\u7c97\u7cd9\u3001\u6210\u584a\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u96a8\u8457\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7be9\u6ffe\uff0c\u6c99\u7c92\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7cbe\u7d30\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u7d30\u6c99\u3002\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5fc3\u5b9a\u5728\u547c\u5438\u4e0a\u6642\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23: \u6700\u521d\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u547c\u5438\u4ecd\u7136\u7c97\u7cd9\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u96a8\u8457\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u904b\u7528\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5c0b\u60f3\u8207\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7cbe\u7d30\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u6ef2\u900f\u5230\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6bdb\u5b54\u3002\u7c97\u8272[o\u1e37\u0101rika-r\u016bpa]:\u591a\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u8212\u9069\u9ad4\u611f[\u8272] \u5c07\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u2014\u2014\u8f15\u611f\u3001\u7a7a\u66e0\u611f\u3001\u4f11\u61a9\u611f\u3001\u75bc\u75db\u6d88\u5931\u7b49\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u611f\u5230\u6cd5\u7684\u6e05\u65b0\u3001\u559c\u6a02\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u6e05\u6dbc\u3001\u8f15\u677e\u3002\u7d30\u8272[sukhum\u0101la-r\u016bpa]: \u9019\u7a2e\u6a02\u611f\u5c07\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u7d30\u5fae\u7684\u9846\u7c92\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u7a7a\u6c23\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u9727\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u8089\u773c\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u6b65\u6642\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u8212\u9069\u8f15\u677e\uff0c\u9019\u80a1\u6ef2\u900f\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u9727\u72c0\u6a02\u611f\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d66\u5fc3\u9020\u8d77\u4e00\u500b\u6295\u751f\u8655\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b9a\u6642\u80fd\u5920\u57f9\u80b2\u7684\u89ba\u77e5\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u4fee\u5f97\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u5347\u8d77\u4e00\u7a2e\u5167\u5728\u7684\u6e05\u65b0\u611f: \u8f15\u5982\u68c9\u7d68\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8f15\u611f\u6709\u8457\u591a\u7a2e\u529f\u529b\u3002\u52a3[hina\u1e43 v\u0101]: \u7c97\u986f\u7684\u9ad4\u611f\u5c07\u6703\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u52dd[pa\u1e47\u012bta\u1e43 v\u0101]: \u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u9ad4\u611f\uff0c\u52dd\u5999\u7f8e\u597d\u3002
\n\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u4f86\u81ea\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u88dd\u98fe\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u660e\u4eae\u3001\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u65b0\u9bae\u3002\u6e05\u65b0\u3002\u5b89\u64ab\u3002\u752f\u975c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7d20\u8cea\u6703\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u5149\u8f1d\u7f8e\u597d\u611f[sobha\u1e47a] \uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5145\u6eff\u5168\u8eab\u6bcf\u4e00\u8655\u7684\u559c\u6a02\u6607\u83ef\u4e4b\u611f\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5730\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u706b\u3001\u98a8\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u5404\u81ea\u5747\u8861\u3001\u5145\u6c9b\u3002\u8eab\u611f\u5230\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u9019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u4e0a\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u53eb\u505a\u52dd\u5999\u8272[pa\u1e47\u012bta-r\u016bpa] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u8eab\u9ad4\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5145\u6c9b\u5713\u6eff\u6642\uff0c\u56db\u7a2e\u5143\u5c6c\u6027\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u57df\u754c\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u719f\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u81ea\u53f8\u5176\u8cac\uff0c\u53ef\u7a31\u7232\u5927\u7a2e[mah\u0101bh\u016bta-r\u016bpa]\u3002\u5730\u81ea\u5c0d\u5730\u7684\u4e8b\u8ca0\u8cac\u3001\u6c34\u81ea\u5c0d\u6c34\u7684\u4e8b\u8ca0\u8cac\u3001\u98a8\u81ea\u5c0d\u98a8\u7684\u4e8b\u8ca0\u8cac\u3001\u706b\u81ea\u5c0d\u706b\u7684\u4e8b\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u7576\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u5c0d\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4e8b\u52d9\u66f4\u52a0\u8ca0\u8cac\u3001\u6210\u719f\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u7a31\u7c97\u8272\u3002\u7a7a\u9593\u6027\u8207\u610f\u8b58\u6027\u4e5f\u6210\u719f\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u597d\u6bd4\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u9577\u5927\u6210\u719f\u3002\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u540c\u4f4f\u6642\u722d\u5435\u3001\u722d\u57f7\u81ea\u7136\u5c11\u3002\u5b69\u7ae5\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u4f4f\u6642\uff0c\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5435\u9b27\u4e0d\u4f11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u516d\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u719f\u6642\uff0c\u5730\u8207\u6c34\u4e0d\u8d77\u6c96\u7a81\u3001\u6c34\u8207\u98a8\u4e0d\u8d77\u6c96\u7a81\u3001\u98a8\u8207\u706b\u4e0d\u8d77\u6c96\u7a81\u3001\u706b\u8207\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0d\u8d77\u6c96\u7a81\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u610f\u8b58\u4e0d\u8d77\u6c96\u7a81\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u5c07\u548c\u8ae7\u5718\u7d50\u5730\u6d3b\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684 ek\u0101yano aya\u1e43 maggo satt\u0101na\u1e43 visuddhiy\u0101 : \u300e\u9019\u662f\u6de8\u5316\u4f17\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e58\u9053\u300f[27]\u3002\u56db\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u9ad4\u611f\u5408\u4e00\u3002\u7576\u5fc3\u9032\u5165\u9019\u689d\u4e00\u4e58\u9053[\u5408\u4e00\u9053] \u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u719f\u77e5\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u611f\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8eab\u597d\u6bd4\u5b83\u7684\u5b69\u5b50;\u5fc3\u597d\u6bd4\u7236\u6bcd\u3002\u7576\u7236\u6bcd\u770b\u898b\u5b69\u5b50\u9577\u5927\u6210\u719f\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u81ea\u8c6a\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u898b\u5b69\u5b50\u80fd\u5920\u7167\u9867\u81ea\u5df1\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u4e0b\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u64d4\u4e86\u3002( \u9019\u6642\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ac7\u4e94\u84cb\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u9019\u6642\u7684\u5fc3\u5df2\u7d93\u7262\u56fa\u5165\u5b9a\u3002\u4e94\u84cb\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u6e9c\u9032\u4f86\u3002)<\/p>\n

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\u51e1\u662f\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5fc3\u5df2\u8b49\u5f97\u4f5b\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u50e7\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u529f\u5fb7\u6703\u9032\u5165\u3001\u6d78\u6c90\u5fc3\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u4f5b\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u50e7\u7684\u6b78\u4f9d\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u8ab0\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u505a\u9019\u9ebd\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u8b49\u5f97\u89ba\u9192\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u505a\u592a\u591a\u5225\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7d30\u5fc3\u3001\u614e\u5bc6\u3001\u7cbe\u9032\u3001\u5ff5\u4f4f\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u958b\u5553\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8033\u76ee\u3001\u7372\u5f97\u591a\u6a23\u77e5\u898b\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u8a31\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u751f\uff0c\u56de\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u4fee\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u6eff\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7c97\u5fc3\u3001\u758f\u5ffd\u3001\u61f6\u60f0\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u56de\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\u4fee\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u7232\u4e86\u5f9e\u5167\u5fc3\u6d88\u89e3\u4e94\u84cb\u3002\u4e94\u84cb\u5fb9\u5e95\u975c\u6b62\u6642\uff0c\u5fc3\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u6cd5\u4f4f[vih\u0101ra-dhamma] \u2014\u2014\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u69cb\u6210\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5bb6\u7684\u5167\u5728\u7d20\u8cea\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u5b8c\u5168\u812b\u96e2\u4e94\u84cb\u3002\u6211\u5011\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u57df\u754c\u5c07\u4e0d\u6703\u4f4e\u65bc\u4eba\u754c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8feb\u6295\u751f\u56db\u60e1\u8da3[ap\u0101ya] \u3002\u5fc3\u4e00\u65e6\u5230\u9054\u9019\u500b\u5167\u5728\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u51fa\u4e16\u5c64\u6b21\u3001\u9032\u5165\u6d85\u69c3\u7684\u6cd5\u6d41\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61f6\u60f0\u3001\u4e0d\u81ea\u6eff\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7cbe\u9032\u79aa\u4fee\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u4e16\u4fd7\u5c64\u6b21\u4e2d\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u8b49\u5f97\u5165\u6d41\u7684\u7d20\u8cea\uff0c\u5c31\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6295\u751f\u60e1\u8da3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5165\u6d41\u679c\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u6975\u5176\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8a71\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fc3\u5df2\u7d93\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e0d\u7591\u3001\u4f46\u9084\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7c97\u7cd9\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6562\u8b93\u90a3\u7a2e\u7c97\u7cd9\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u52d5\u4e0a\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u51e1\u592b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u6709\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ff5\u982d\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u986f\u73fe\u5728\u8a00\u884c\u4e0a: \u6bba\u751f\u3001\u5077\u76dc\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5165\u6d41\u8005\u4e5f\u8a31\u4ecd\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7c97\u7cd9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u884c\u52d5\u4e0a\u7d55\u4e0d\u7c97\u7cd9\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u67d0\u4eba\u624b\u88cf\u6709\u628a\u5200\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u751f\u6c23\u6642\u4e0d\u6703\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u780d\u4eba\u8166\u888b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u518d\u6293\u53d6\u96dc\u67d3\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6d85\u69c3\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u5584\u5fb7\uff0c\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u5011\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4fee\u6301\u7d42\u9ede\u3002\u4e0d\u5728\u6212\u5fb7\u3001\u5b9a\u529b\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u9019\u4e09\u91cd\u8a13\u7df4\u4e0a\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5230\u9054\u7d42\u9ede\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u5f59\u805a\u3001\u589e\u9032\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u5c07\u57f9\u80b2\u8d77\u77e5\u898b\u8207\u89ba\u6027\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u5011\u63a8\u5411\u9ad8\u7b49\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u63a8\u5411\u6d85\u69c3\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

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\u8056\u8005\u5011\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c0\u4e16\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u589e\u9577\u8d77\u96e2\u6b32\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u91cd\u751f\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23: \u6709\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53ea\u6709\u51b7\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u71b1: \u8846\u751f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6295\u751f\u90a3\u88cf\u3002\u6709\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53ea\u6709\u65e5\u5149\u3001\u6709\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u6708\u5149\u3001\u9084\u6709\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u898b\u65e5\u6708\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u9593\u89e3[lokavid\u016b] \u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u77e5\u9019\u4e9b\u9053\u7406\u5f8c\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u4ed4\u7d30\u601d\u8003\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u89ba\u5f97\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u8cf4\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u7528\u4f86\u4fee\u5fc3\uff0c\u8b93\u9053\u8207\u679c\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u5347\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u758f\u5ffd\u81ea\u6eff\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u751f\u547d\u5982\u8349\u9593\u671d\u9732: \u65e5\u5149\u89f8\u53ca\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9803\u523b\u9593\u6d88\u901d\u7121\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n

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[27] \u898b\u9577\u90e822 \u300a\u5927\u5ff5\u8655\u7d93\u300b\u8207\u4e2d\u90e810 \u300a\u5ff5\u8655\u7d93\u300b\u3002\u3002
\n[28] \u64da\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\uff0c\u6307\u5176\u91cd\u751f\u5883\u754c\u96a8\u6a5f\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u671d\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u9032\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5b9a (1960\u5e7410\u67084\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u666e\u901a\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u3002\u5b83\u6d17\u53bb\u4f60\u7684\u820a\u77e5\u898b\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u666e\u901a\u601d\u8003\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u77e5\u898b: \u653e\u958b\u5b83\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u5c0b\u60f3 \u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u77e5\u898b: \u505c\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u5b89\u975c\u3002\u5bc2\u6b62\u3002\u7576\u5fc3\u5bc2\u6b62\u3001\u7121\u7919\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5584\u5de7\u5584\u5fb7\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u8655\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9ecf\u8457\u4efb\u4f55\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f60\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u6709\u95dc\u4e16\u9593\u3001\u6709\u95dc\u6cd5\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u591a\u5c11\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u7d66\u6d17\u53bb\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6d17\u53bb\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u5347\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4f60\u6b63\u5b9a\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u5347\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5f71\u5b50\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u898b\u5f71\u5b50\u7684\u7576\u5373\u986f\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3: \u89e3\u812b\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5f9e\u6b63\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u6b63\u898b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u8457\u932f\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u932f\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u8457\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u5c0d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5c0d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u932f\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5984\u898b\u3002\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u932f\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c0d\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5984\u898b\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u898b\uff0c\u5c0d\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\uff0c\u932f\u5c31\u662f\u932f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u56e0\u679c\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u56db\u8056\u8c1b\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u82e6\uff0c\u5b83\u771f\u7684\u82e6\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u82e6\u56e0\u7684\u5347\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u771f\u662f\u5728\u9020\u82e6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8056\u8c1b\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u3001\u7121\u53ef\u722d\u8b70\u5730\u771f\u5be6\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u82e6\u6709\u5176\u56e0\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u90a3\u500b\u56e0\u5347\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u82e6\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6ec5\u82e6\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u9053\uff0c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5426\u8d70\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u898b\u5230\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7121\u8aa4\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u898b\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u82e6\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u771f\u6709\u5176\u4e8b\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8d70\u5728\u9019\u689d\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u82e6\u7684\u78ba\u5728\u6d88\u89e3\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u89aa\u8b49\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\u667a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u5f97\u518d\u7c21\u55ae\u9ede: \u4f60\u770b\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5167\u5728\u5916\u5728\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u8870\u8001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u4e9b\u6ed1\u982d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5c0d\u8457\u4f60\u8b8a\u5e7b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002\u770b\u898b\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u7121\u5e38\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u7121\u5e38\u751f\u8d77\u6b61\u559c\u3001\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u7169\u60f1\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u6027\u3001\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u82e6: \u6bd4\u65b9\u6211\u5011\u807d\u8aaa\u67d0\u500b\u6028\u6575\u5728\u53d7\u82e6\uff0c\u5c31\u60f3: \u300e\u592a\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u300f\u300e\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u5011\u5feb\u9ede\u6b7b\u3002\u300f\u9019\u500b\u5fc3\u5df2\u7d93\u504f\u4e86\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u6211\u5011\u807d\u8aaa\u670b\u53cb\u767c\u8ca1\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u9ad8\u8208\u8d77\u4f86; \u5152\u5973\u751f\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u96e3\u904e\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u5df2\u7d93\u6dea\u9677\u65bc\u82e6\u3002\u7232\u4ec0\u9ebd? \u56e0\u7232\u6211\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5584\u5de7\u3002\u5fc3\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5728\u6b63\u5b9a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u7167\u6599\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u5b83\u96a8\u8457\u82e6\u4e00\u8d77\u6dea\u9677\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u4ec0\u9ebd\u5728\u82e6\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u82e6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5fc3\u8ddf\u8457\u82e6\u3002\u8eab\u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u75db\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc3\u4e0d\u75db\u3002\u8b93\u8eab\u9ad4\u5118\u7ba1\u82e6\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc3\u4e0d\u82e6\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u7232\u6709\u6a02\u800c\u5f97\u610f\u2014\u2014\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6a02\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u82e6\u3002\u7232\u4ec0\u9ebd? \u56e0\u7232\u5b83\u6703\u8b8a\u3002\u5b83\u5347\u8d77\u6d88\u901d\u3002\u5b83\u9ad8\u4f4e\u8d77\u4f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u82e6\u3002\u75db\u4e5f\u662f\u82e6: \u96d9\u91cd\u82e6\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u5c0d\u82e6\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u770b\u898b\u82e6\u6642\uff0c\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u5347\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u65bc\u975e\u6211[anatt\u0101]: \u6211\u5011\u4e00\u65e6\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e86\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u5982\u5be6\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53bb\u8a8d\u9818\uff0c\u4e0d\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a66\u5716\u8868\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u672c\u4f86\u975e\u6211\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u600e\u9ebd\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5920\u963b\u6b62\u751f\u8001\u75c5\u6b7b\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u8981\u8001\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u8b93\u5b83\u8001\u53bb\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u75db\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u75db\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6b7b\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u6b7b\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u7232\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u800c\u9ad8\u8208\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u7232\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u800c\u7169\u60f1\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u3002\u4e0d\u8e81\u3002\u4e0d\u60f1\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u884c\u820d\u667a[sa\u1e45kh\u0101rupekkha-\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a]: \u8b93\u8af8\u884c\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u9020\u4f5c\u548c\u5408\u4e4b\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u96a8\u5176\u81ea\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u8981\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3: \u4f60\u770b\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u9020\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u82e6\u3001\u975e\u6211\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u57f7\u53d6\u4e2d\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u653e\u958b\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u4e8b\u60c5\u597d\u8f49\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u600e\u9ebd\u6703\u5462? \u56e0\u7232\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52de\u7d2f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u62d6\u8457\u884c\u860a\u5230\u8655\u8d70\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57f7\u53d6\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8ca0\u91cd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u8ca0\u8457\u4e94\u5806\u860a[khand\u0101]: \u5c0d\u8272\u3001\u53d7\u3001\u60f3\u3001\u884c\u3001\u8b58\u7684\u57f7\u53d6[\u4e94\u53d6\u860a] \u3002\u6211\u5011\u6293\u4f4f\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u653e\uff0c\u4ee5\u7232\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u5e36\u8457\u5b83\u5011\u8d70\u5427: \u5de6\u817f\u639b\u4e00\u5806\u3001\u53f3\u817f\u639b\u4e00\u5806\u3001\u5de6\u80a9\u58d3\u4e00\u5806\u3001\u53f3\u80a9\u58d3\u4e00\u5806\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5806\u9802\u5728\u982d\u4e0a\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u8d70\u5230\u54ea\u5e36\u5230\u54ea\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u7b28\u62d9\u7d2f\u8d05\uff0c\u53c8\u6ed1\u7a3d\u53ef\u7b11\u3002<\/p>\n

bhara have pa\u00f1cakkhandh\u0101: \u53ea\u7ba1\u80cc\u8d77\u5427\uff0c\u4e94\u860a\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u91cd\u64d4\u3002 bh\u0101rah\u0101ro ca puggalo: \u4eba\u5011\u627f\u53d7\u91cd\u64d4\u4e4b\u82e6\u3002bh\u0101r\u0101dana\u1e43 dukkha\u1e43 loke[29]: \u8d70\u5230\u54ea\u80cc\u5230\u54ea\uff0c\u6d6a\u8cbb\u5149\u9670\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u9593\u53d7\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5b\u9640\u6559\u5c0e\u8aaa\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u7f3a\u660e\u8fa8\u8005\u3001\u51e1\u662f\u7f3a\u5584\u5de7\u8005\u3001\u51e1\u662f\u4e0d\u4fee\u5b9a\u5f15\u751f\u89e3\u812b\u6d1e\u898b\u8005\uff0c\u5c07\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u80cc\u8ca0\u5176\u82e6\uff0c\u4e45\u53d7\u91cd\u58d3\u3002\u592a\u53ef\u6190\u3001\u592a\u53ef\u60dc\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u64fa\u812b\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u817f\u8ca0\u91cd\u3001\u80a9\u8ca0\u91cd\uff0c\u80fd\u53bb\u54ea?\u5f80\u524d\u8d70\u4e09\u6b65\u3001\u5f80\u5f8c\u9000\u5169\u6b65\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u6703\u5782\u982d\u55aa\u6c23\u3002\u904e\u4e00\u9663\u722c\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u518d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u7121\u5e38\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u9020\u4f5c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5167\u5728\u5916\u5728\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760; \u7576\u6211\u5011\u770b\u898b\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u82e6; \u7576\u6211\u5011\u770b\u898b\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u50c5\u5728\u88cf\u9762\u81ea\u767c\u5faa\u74b0: \u7576\u6211\u5011\u7372\u5f97\u9019\u4e9b\u6d1e\u898b\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u91cd\u64d4\u5378\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u653e\u958b\u57f7\u53d6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u4e0b\u904e\u53bb\u2500 \u2500\u4e0d\u518d\u6c88\u7dec\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u958b\u672a\u4f86\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u53bb\u4f01\u671b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u958b\u73fe\u5728\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u6307\u7a31\u7232\u6211\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u5927\u7c6e\u7b50\u4e00\u65e6\u5f9e\u80a9\u4e0a\u5378\u4e0b\uff0c\u8173\u6b65\u5c31\u8f15\u677e\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u821e\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7f8e\u597d\u6085\u76ee\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u53bb\u54ea\u88cf\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6a02\u610f\u7d50\u8b58\u6211\u5011\u3002\u7232\u4ec0\u9ebd? \u56e0\u7232\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebd\uff0c\u505a\u5f97\u81ea\u5728\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u8457\u8f15\u677e\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u884c\u8d70\u3001\u5954\u8dd1\u3001\u6b4c\u821e\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4f5b\u5b50\u4e4b\u7f8e\uff0c\u6240\u5230\u4e4b\u8655\u6085\u76ee\u3001\u512a\u96c5\u3002\u4e0d\u518d\u8ca0\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u7d2f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u81ea\u5728\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\u667a\u3002<\/p>\n

[29] \u6b64\u7232\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u5c0d\u76f8\u61c9\u90e822.22 \u300a\u91cd\u64d4\u7d93\u300b\u5048\u8a9e\u524d\u4e09\u53e5\u7684\u8a55\u8aaa\u3002\u7d93\u6587\u76f4\u8b6f\u7232: \u300e\u4e94\u860a\u5be6\u7232\u91cd\u64d4\u3002\u4eba\u5373\u662f\u91cd\u64d4\u7684\u80cc\u8ca0\u8005\u3002\u8ca0\u6b64\u91cd\u64d4\u5728\u4e16\u9593\u82e6\u3002\u300f\u672c\u66f8\u5c0d\u4e94\u860a\u7684\u82f1\u8b6f\u662f: physical phenomena; feelings; concepts and labels; mental fabrications; sensory consciousness \u3002\u76f4\u8b6f\u662f: \u8eab\u9ad4\u73fe\u8c61[\u8272];\u611f\u53d7[\u53d7];\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u6a19\u7c3d[\u60f3];\u5fc3\u7406\u9020\u4f5c[\u884c];\u611f\u5b98\u610f\u8b58[\u8b58] \u3002\u4e94\u860a\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91cb\u898b\u66f8\u5f8c\u8a5e\u5f59\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\u771f\u76f8\u8207\u5b83\u7684\u5f71\u5b50 (1959 \u5e74,\u65e5\u671f\u4e0d\u8a73)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u7684\u679c\u8b49\uff0c\u6e05\u6dbc\u3001\u6e05\u6f54\u3001\u6e05\u660e\u3002\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u751f\u8001\u75c5\u6b7b\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u7cbe\u9032\u5b78\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5347\u8d77\u6cd5\u7684\u679c\u8b49\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5404\u81ea\u8b49\u77e5[paccatta\u1e43]: \u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u89aa\u81ea\u77e5\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

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\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u9020\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u5169\u985e: \u4e00\u985e\u6709\u5fc3\u57f7\u5360\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u4eba\u755c; \u4e00\u985e\u7121\u5fc3\u57f7\u5360\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u6a39\u6728\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u7121\u57f7\u5360\u5fc3\u4e4b\u9020\u4f5c\u7684\u6a19\u51c6\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u6211\u537b\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u3002\u62ff\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5ef3\u7684\u968e\u68af\u4f86\u8aaa: \u4f60\u8aaa\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u5fc3\u5360\u64da\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8a66\u8a66\u7838\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u770b\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u5f15\u51fa\u55a7\u5629\u4f86\u3002\u7530\u5730\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8a66\u8a66\u5728\u5225\u5bb6\u5730\u88cf\u7a2e\u6c34\u7a3b; \u6216\u8005\uff0c\u679c\u5712\u88cf\u7684\u9999\u8549\u6a39\u4e4b\u985e\uff0c\u8a66\u8a66\u62ff\u5200\u780d\u4e00\u780d\uff0c\u770b\u4e3b\u4eba\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u628a\u4f60\u6295\u9032\u76e3\u7262\u3002\u4e16\u4e0a\u842c\u7269\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u57f7\u53d6\u5920\u5f97\u8457\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u5fc3\u57f7\u5360\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u706b\u661f\uff0c\u57f7\u53d6\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5c1a\u4e14\u5920\u4e0d\u8457\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5fc3\u5360\u53d6\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u9020\u4f5c\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5fc3\u57f7\u5360\u5b83\u2014\u2014\u9664\u975e\u662f\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7121\u57f7\u5360\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u9020\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57f7\u53d6\u9020\u4f5c\u662f\u82e6\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u89e3\u91cb\u904e\uff0c\u9020\u4f5c\u662f\u7121\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u6211\u5011\u653e\u958b\u9020\u4f5c\u3001\u4e0d\u57f7\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u559c\u6a02\u81ea\u5728\u2014\u2014 \u90a3\u662f\u6cd5\u7684\u81ea\u5728\uff0c\u6e05\u6dbc\u3001\u5b89\u975c\u3001\u7a69\u56fa\u3001\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u81ea\u5728\u3002\u4e16\u9593\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u5728\uff0c\u8ddf\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u628a\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u5728\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebd\u4e0d\u540c: \u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u628a\u6905\u5b50\u4e0d\u6416\u52d5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u6709\u4e9b\u8a31\u81ea\u5728\u3002\u5fc3\u52d5\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6416\u52d5\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u5728\u696d\u679c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6416\u52d5\u3002\u4e00\u65e5\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5fc3\u52d5\u591a\u5c11\u6b21? \u6709\u6642\u5b83\u56e0\u73fe\u696d[\u7576\u4e0b\u52d5\u6a5f] \u800c\u52d5\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u56e0\u820a\u696d[\u904e\u53bb\u52d5\u6a5f]\u800c\u52d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5b83\u600e\u9ebd\u52d5\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7121\u660e\u2014\u2014\u5c0e\u81f4\u9020\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5ff5\u982d\u6ecb\u751f\u7684\u7121\u89ba\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u662f\u975e\u9020\u4f5c[visa\u1e45kh\u0101r\u0101,\u96e2\u884c] \u3002\u4ec0\u9ebd\u662f\u975e\u9020\u4f5c? \u7121\u52d5\u6416\u3001\u7121\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u7121\u6d88\u89e3: \u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u9020\u4f5c\u3002\u9020\u4f5c\u5728\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002\u9020\u4f5c\u82e6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u4e0d\u82e6\u3002\u9020\u4f5c\u975e\u6211\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u6211\u3002\u7121\u5fc3\u57f7\u5360\u7684\u9020\u4f5c: \u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u9020\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u591a\u6578\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u4e86\u89e3\u516d\u5e2b\u6559\u7d66\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u2014\u2014\u8996\u89ba\u3001\u807d\u89ba\u3001\u55c5\u89ba\u3001\u5473\u89ba\u3001\u89f8\u89ba\u3001\u5ff5\u982d\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u3001\u82e6\u3001\u7121\u660e\u3001\u9020\u4f5c\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u7576\u95dc\u9589\u9019\u4e9b\u5b98\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u9020\u4f5c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u5176\u5b83\u9020\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6709\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u908a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

[31] \u5357\u50b3\u4f5b\u570b\u846c\u79ae\u4e0a\u5e38\u8aa6\u6b64\u5048\uff0c\u51fa\u81ea\u9577\u90e816 \u300a\u5927\u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u7d93\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u53e4\u6f22\u8b6f: \u300e\u8af8\u884c\u7121\u5e38\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u6ec5\u6cd5\u3002\u751f\u6ec5\u6ec5\u5df2\uff0c\u5bc2\u6ec5\u7232\u6a02\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u8d8a\u5c0d\u932f (1959\u5e741\u670817\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8981\u8b93\u5fc3\u51fa\u53bb\u5bb3\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u5f97\u7232\u5b83\u958b\u8def\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u5bb3\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u5f9e\u5c4b\u5167\u6383\u6e05\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u51fa\u53bb\u50b7\u5bb3\u5916\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e4b\u5fc3[\u52d5\u6a5f] \uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5bb3\u5df1\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8d77\u78bc\u5b83\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u884c\u5584\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u96e2\u5bb3\u4e4b\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5165\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u628a\u5b83\u9a45\u9664\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u770b\u898b\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5730\u88cf\u6709\u5927\u584a\u672a\u88ab\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u537b\u5165\u4e0d\u6577\u51fa\u3002\u4e00\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u8df3\u5230\u90a3\u584a\u7a7a\u5730\u88cf[32]\uff0c \u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u52a0\u628a\u52c1\u5168\u529b\u884c\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

\u96e2\u6b32\u601d\u7dad[nekkhamma-sankappo] \uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5b89\u65bc\u5bc2\u975c\u3001\u7368\u5c45\u3002\u96e2\u55d4\u601d\u7dad[aby\u0101p\u0101da-sankappo]\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u6211\u5011\u7121\u9808\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u77ed\u8655\u3002\u96e2\u5bb3\u601d\u7dad[avihi\u1e43sa-sankappo] \uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u9020\u6210\u56f0\u64fe\u8207\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f:
\n(1) \u4e0d\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77ed\u8655\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u9020\u6210\u58d3\u6291;<\/p>\n

(2) \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77ed\u8655\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u50cf\u91ce\u706b\u4e00\u6a23\u50b3\u64ad\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u8f49\u601d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u77ed\u8655\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u667a\u8005\u628a\u601d\u7dad\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u5584\u5fb7\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u61f7\u6709\u6148\u5fc3\u5584\u610f\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u61f7\u6709\u6148\u5fc3\u5584\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5f35\u4e09\u8173\u684c\uff0c\u684c\u817f\u6703\u671d\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u8f49\u52d5\u3002\u63db\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u4e00\u65e6\u5347\u8f49\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d66\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u7167\u76f8\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u57f9\u990a\u8d77\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u76de\u660e\u71c8\u3001\u53c8\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u526f\u653e\u5927\u4e00\u5207\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u3002\u9019\u53eb\u505a\u667a[\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a] \u2014\u2014\u4e86\u89e3\u4e16\u9593\u8af8\u4e8b\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u77e5\u6027: \u4e16\u9593\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5fc3\u6709\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76ca\u570b\u76ca\u6559\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u7a2e\u6210\u826f\u7a3b\u92b7\u5f80\u570b\u5167\u5916\u7684\u8fb2\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u5fc3\u7121\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u6557\u58de\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u5e36\u4f86\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u9084\u6703\u9023\u7d2f\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u55ae\u55ae\u90a3\u9ebd\u4e00\u500b\u7f3a\u5c11\u5584\u5fb7\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u96dc\u67d3\u6e34\u6c42\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u505a\u8d77\u58de\u4e8b\u4f86\u9020\u6210\u7684\u798d\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6bc0\u6ec5\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u9084\u6703\u6b83\u53ca\u5168\u570b\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5fc3\u88cf\u6709\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u5584\u5fb7\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5b9a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5fc3\u6703\u50cf\u6c34\u6676\u3001\u947d\u77f3\u4e00\u6a23\u6e05\u6f88\u3002\u6574\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u5c07\u8b8a\u5f97\u900f\u660e\u3002\u660e\u8fa8\u5c07\u6703\u5347\u8d77\uff0c\u89e3\u812b\u6d1e\u898b\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u8207\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u9818\u609f\uff0c\u5c07\u540c\u6642\u5347\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51e1\u662f\u4ee5\u8cb4\u8ce4\u9ad8\u4f4e\u770b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9084\u4e0d\u5177\u5099\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u660e\u8fa8\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u6709\u77e5\u89ba\u667a\u773c\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u6703\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebd\u9ad8\u4f4e\u8ca7\u5bcc\u3002\u5f9e\u4e09\u7279\u5fb5[\u4e09\u76f8]\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5e73\u7b49: \u90fd\u662f\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u82e6\u3001\u975e\u6211\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u90a3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u5225\u5bb6\u8207\u6211\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebd\u5340\u5225\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u6709\u4eba\u72af\u5077\u7aca\u3001\u6436\u52ab\u7f6a\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u7232\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u7232\u9019\u4eba\u597d\u3001\u90a3\u4eba\u4e0d\u597d;\u9019\u9593\u5c4b\u597d\u4f5c\u98ef\u5ef3\u3001\u90a3\u9593\u4e0d\u597d;\u9019\u9593\u5c4b\u597d\u4f5c\u81e5\u5ba4\u3001\u90a3\u9593\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u7232\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u5373\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u773c\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u6709\u9019\u9ebd\u591a\u6df7\u6dc6\u52d5\u4e82\u3002<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

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\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u73cd\u5bf6\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebd\u5e36\u4f86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u559c\u6a02\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u9664\u4e86\u82e6\uff0c\u518d\u6c92\u5225\u7684\u3002\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u597d\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6d85\u69c3\u537b\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u6b63\u898b\u5984\u898b\u662f\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u6d85\u69c3\u7121\u6240\u8b02\u6b63\u898b\u5984\u898b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u5984\u898b\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u7576\u68c4\u7d55\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u6b63\u898b\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u7576\u57f9\u80b2\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u5b83\u80fd\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u4e2d\u812b\u843d\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u624d\u6709\u81ea\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

[32]\u300e\u884c\u5584\u300f: \u64da\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u6307\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u9019\u584a\u5167\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u4fee\u5584\u696d\uff0c\u5373\u89c0\u56db\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\u3002\u898b\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u958b\u793a\u300a\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u300b\u3002
\n[33]\u300e\u4e09\u773c\u300f: \u64da\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\uff0c\u6307\u5916\u773c\u8207\u5167\u773c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96f6\u9ede (1957\u5e744\u670822\u65e5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u7232\u4e86\u6de8\u5316\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u812b\u96e2\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4[\u8272]\u3001\u5c0d\u5fc3\u7406\u73fe\u8c61[\u540d]\u3001\u5c0d\u4e00\u5207\u900f\u904e\u611f\u5b98\u9032\u5165\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u57f7\u53d6\u3002\u8981\u5c08\u5fc3\u4fee\u5b9a\u3002\u96a8\u6642\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5fc3\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5b83\u5206\u6210\u5169\u500b\u3001\u4e09\u500b\u3001\u56db\u500b\u3001\u4e94\u500b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u4f60\u4e00\u65e6\u4f7f\u5fc3\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u8b8a\u6210\u96f6\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u5c0f\u300e\u982d\u300f\u5207\u6389\uff0c\u5169\u7aef\u4e00\u63a5\u5c31\u6210\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8b93\u5fc3\u5206\u6210\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u8b8a\u6210\u96f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8cbb\u6642\u8cbb\u529b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9084\u6709: \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u96f6\u653e\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u6578\u5b57\u5f8c\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5341\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u3001\u4e09\u5341\u3001\u56db\u5341\u3001\u4e94\u5341\u3001\u5e7e\u767e\u3001\u5e7e\u5343\u3001\u76f4\u5230\u7121\u7aae\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u96f6\u653e\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u5343\u842c\u500b\u96f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6578\u4e86\u3002\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23: \u6211\u5011\u4e00\u65e6\u628a\u5b83\u5f9e\u4e00\u8b8a\u6210\u96f6\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u96f6\u653e\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5118\u7ba1\u6279\u8a55\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u8d0a\u63da\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6578\u4e86\u3002\u597d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6578\u3001\u58de\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6578\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u5beb\u4e0d\u51fa\u3001\u8b80\u4e0d\u51fa\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u61c2\u3002<\/p>\n

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nibb\u0101na\u1e43 parama\u1e43 su\u00f1\u00f1a\u1e43
\nnibb\u0101na\u1e43 parama\u1e43 sukha\u1e43
\n\u6d85\u69c3\u7232\u81f3\u9ad8\u7a7a\u6027\u3002
\n\u6d85\u69c3\u7232\u81f3\u9ad8\u4e4b\u6a02[34]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7232\u4ec0\u9ebd\u7d93\u4e0a\u6559\u5c0e\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u8981\u96a8\u6642\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u5b83\u64e6\u4e86\u8b8a\u6210\u96f6\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u8b8a\u6210\u96f6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u653e\u677e\u4e00\u5207\u57f7\u53d6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u5c07\u8b49\u5f97\u6e05\u6de8\u2014\u2014 \u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u6d85\u69c3\u3002<\/p>\n

[34] \u64da\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u53e5\u4e26\u5217\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u6cf0\u738b\u62c9\u746a\u56db\u4e16\u6240\u7de8\u7684\u5df4\u5229\u6587\u8ab2\u8aa6\u672c\u3002\u524d\u4e00\u53e5\u6e90\u81ea\u4e2d\u90e8121 \u300a\u7a7a\u5c0f\u7d93\u300b\u3002\u5f8c\u4e00\u53e5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u81ea\u300a\u6cd5\u53e5\u7d93\u300b203-204 \u3002<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5ff5\u4f4f\u547c\u5438\u300b\u6700\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\u7684\u7b2c3\u6b65\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7232\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u7c21\u5316\u91cd\u7de8\uff0c\u6210\u7232\u4eca\u7248\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8a8d\u7232\u539f\u7248\u6709\u76ca\uff0c\u8332\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

\u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u8b93\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u901a\u5165\u652f\u6c23\u7ba1\uff0c\u610f\u60f3\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0b\u884c\uff0c\u6cbf\u8457\u53f3\u8179\u90e8\u5230\u9054\u8180\u80f1\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u518d\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u610f\u60f3\u547c\u5438[\u6c23] \u6cbf\u8457\u5927\u52d5\u8108\u8840\u7ba1\u6d41\u5411\u809d\u9ad2\u8207\u5fc3\u9ad2\uff0c\u7d93\u5de6\u5074\u4e0b\u884c\u81f3\u80c3\u8207\u8178\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u518d\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u610f\u60f3\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u5f9e\u5589\u6839\u6cbf\u810a\u67f1\u5167\u5074(\u524d\u5074)\u4e0b\u884c\u5230\u5e95\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u518d\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u610f\u60f3\u8b93\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u5f9e\u5589\u6839\u6cbf\u524d\u80f8\u4e0b\u884c\uff0c\u7a7f\u904e\u80f8\u9aa8\u5e95\u7aef\u5230\u9054\u81cd\u90e8\uff0c\u6d41\u51fa\u9ad4\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u518d\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e0a\u989a\u5438\u5165\u6c23\u606f\uff0c\u4e0b\u884c\u5230\u5589\u6839\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7a7f\u904e\u80f8\u8154\u4e2d\u90e8\uff0c\u81f3\u5927\u8178\u3001\u76f4\u8178\uff0c\u6d41\u51fa\u9ad4\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u9ad4\u5167\u9019\u4e94\u500b\u8f49\u6298\uff0c\u5c31\u8b93\u547c\u5438\u6cbf\u8457\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5916\u5074\u6d41\u52d5: \u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u610f\u60f3\u5f9e\u5f8c\u8166\u6839\u5438\u6c23\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u5728\u8eab\u5f8c\u6cbf\u810a\u67f1\u5916\u5074\u5782\u76f4\u4e0b\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u82e5\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5148\u60f3\u53f3\u534a\u8eab\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u4e0b\u80a2\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u610f\u60f3\u53f3\u81c0\uff0c\u8b93\u6c23\u6cbf\u53f3\u817f\u4e0b\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u8dbe\u5c16\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u518d\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u610f\u60f3\u5de6\u81c0\uff0c\u8b93\u6c23\u6cbf\u5de6\u817f\u4e0b\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u8dbe\u5c16\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u518d\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u610f\u60f3\u5f8c\u8166\u6839\uff0c\u8b93\u6c23\u4e0b\u884c\u5230\u53f3\u80a9\uff0c\u6cbf\u53f3\u81c2\u5230\u6307\u5c16\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u518d\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u5165\u606f\uff0c\u628a\u6c23\u5438\u5165\u5f8c\u8166\u6839\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u4e0b\u884c\u5230\u5de6\u80a9\uff0c\u6cbf\u5de6\u81c2\u5230\u6307\u5c16\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u505a\u5b8c\u5f8c\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u3002\u4f7f\u547c\u5438\u7cbe\u7d30\u3001\u8f15\u8cea\u3001\u6d41\u66a2\u3002\u4f7f\u5fc3\u5728\u9019\u5718\u547c\u5438[\u6c23]\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u5bc2\u6b62\u3002\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u5ff5\u4f4f\u8207\u8b66\u89ba\u5168\u9762\u3001\u614e\u5bc6\u3002\u8b93\u5404\u7a2e\u6c23\u611f\u878d\u6703\u3001\u6ef2\u6eff\u5168\u8eab\u3002\u8b93\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7acb\u3001\u51b7\u975c\u3001\u6c88\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n

ak\u0101liko: \u7121\u6642\u76f8;\u4e0d\u53d7\u6642\u9593\u3001\u5b63\u7bc0\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

ap\u0101ya: \u532e\u4e4f\u3001\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u57df\u754c;\u60e1\u9053;\u60e1\u8da3;\u6307\u56db\u7a2e\u4f4e\u7b49\u751f\u5b58\u72c0\u614b\u2014\u2014\u5730\u7344\u3001\u9913\u9b3c\u3001\u963f\u4fee\u7f85\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u754c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u72c0\u614b\u7686\u975e\u6c38\u6052\u3002<\/p>\n

arahant: \u963f\u7f85\u6f22; \u61c9\u4f9b;\u5c0a\u8cb4\u8005;\u6e05\u6de8\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5fc3\u5df2\u7121\u6709\u96dc\u67d3\u4e4b\u6f0f\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u751f\u8005\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u4f5b\u9640\u53ca\u8b49\u5f97\u6700\u9ad8\u679c\u4f4d\u4e4b\u8af8\u8056\u5f1f\u5b50\u7684\u7a31\u865f\u3002<\/p>\n

ariya sacca: \u8056\u8c1b\u3002\u8056[ariya] \u5728\u6b64\u4e5f\u6307\u7406\u60f3\u3001\u699c\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u8a5e\u7d44\u4e2d\u6709\u5ba2\u89c0\u3001\u666e\u904d\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u8056\u8c1b\u6709\u56db: \u82e6\u3001\u82e6\u56e0\u3001\u82e6\u7684\u6b62\u606f\u3001\u82e6\u7684\u6b62\u606f\u4e4b\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u0101sava: \u6f0f; \u6d41\u51fa: \u6307\u4f5c\u7232\u8f2a\u8ff4\u6d2a\u6d41\u4e4b\u56e0\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u96dc\u67d3(\u611f\u5b98\u4e4b\u6b32\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u614b\u3001\u89c0\u5ff5\u3001\u7121\u660e)[\u6b32\u6f0f\u3001\u6709\u6f0f\u3001\u898b\u6f0f\u3001\u7121\u660e\u6f0f] \u3002<\/p>\n

avijj\u0101: \u7121\u660e; \u7121\u77e5;\u53d7\u8499\u853d\u7684\u89ba\u77e5;\u865b\u5047\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u0101yatana: \u8655; \u611f\u5b98\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u5167\u5728\u611f\u5b98\u5a92\u4ecb[\u5167\u8655] \u7232\u773c\u3001\u8033\u3001\u9f3b\u3001\u820c\u3001\u8eab\u3001\u8b58\u3002\u5916\u5728\u611f\u5b98\u5a92\u4ecb[\u5916\u8655]\u7232\u5176\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

bhagav\u0101: \u8584\u4f3d\u68b5; \u5177\u8db3\u5409\u7965\u8005; \u6709\u4e00\u5207\u798f\u5fb7\u8005;\u4e16\u5c0a\u3002<\/p>\n

bh\u0101van\u0101-maya-pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101: \u4fee\u6240\u6210\u667a; \u7d93\u7531\u79aa\u4fee\u57f9\u990a\u5fc3\u667a\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u660e\u8fa8\u3002<\/p>\n

brahma: \u68b5\u5929; \u9ad8\u65bc\u6b32\u754c\u5929\u7684\u5929\u754c\u5c45\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

buddha(buddho): \u5fc3\u7684\u7d14\u6de8\u6216\u6e05\u6de8\u7684\u89ba\u6027\u7d20\u8cea\uff0c\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u5fc3\u6240\u6500\u9644\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u53ca\u5c0d\u6240\u7de3\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

chabba\u1e47\u1e47a-ra\u1e45s\u012b: \u516d\u5f69\u5149\u8292\u6216\u5149\u74b0\uff0c\u5e38\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f5b\u9640\u4e4b\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n

chalang’upekkh\u0101: \u516d\u652f\u820d;\u516d\u5206\u820d: \u5c0d\u4f86\u81ea\u516d\u7a2e\u5b98\u611f\u2014\u2014\u8272\u3001\u8072\u3001\u9999\u3001\u5473\u3001\u89f8\u3001\u6cd5\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u504f\u4e0d\u501a\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5fc3\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

deva: \u5929\u8846; \u6307\u4efb\u4e00\u5c64\u6b32\u754c\u5929\u7684\u5c45\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

dhamma: \u6cd5;\u4e8b\u4ef6; \u73fe\u8c61;\u4e8b\u7269\u5be6\u76f8;\u5176\u5167\u5728\u6027\u8cea;\u4e8b\u7269\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4e5f\u6307\u7232\u4e86\u9806\u61c9\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u4eba\u5011\u7576\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u7232\u51c6\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7232\u4e86\u5be6\u8b49\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e4b\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7576\u57f9\u80b2\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7d20\u8cea\u3002\u5728\u5f15\u7533\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cd5(\u5927\u5beb\u7684Dhamma) \u4e5f\u6307\u4efb\u4f55\u50b3\u6388\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f9e\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c0\u5bdf\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e8b\u4ef6[\u540d\u8272] \uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u76f4\u63a5\u5982\u5be6\u5730\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u50c5\u770b\u6210\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u770b\u898b\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5176\u884c\u7232\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\u6027\u3002\u5f9e\u4e16\u9593\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5f9e\u5bd3\u610f\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u8272\u5f69\u7b49\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5373\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u7d0d\u5165\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u89c0\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n

dhamma-vicaya-sambojja\u1e45ga: \u64c7\u6cd5\u89ba\u652f: \u5c0d\u65bc\u73fe\u8c61\u3001\u5c6c\u6027\u3001\u539f\u7406\u7b49\u6709\u5206\u8fa8\u529b\u3002\u7232\u4e03\u89ba\u652f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u89ba\u652f\u7232: \u5ff5\u89ba\u652f\u3001\u7cbe\u9032\u89ba\u652f\u3001\u559c\u89ba\u652f\u3001\u8f15\u5b89\u89ba\u652f\u3001\u5b9a\u89ba\u652f\u3001\u820d\u89ba\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n

dh\u0101tu: \u5143\u7d20; \u754c; \u6f5b\u80fd; \u69cb\u6210\u5167\u5728\u8eab\u5fc3\u89ba\u53d7\u7684\u5143\u5c6c\u6027[\u6307\u5176\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u5206]: \u5730(\u5805\u786c\u6027)\u3001\u6c34(\u6f64\u6fd5\u6027)\u3001\u706b(\u6eab\u71b1\u6027)\u3001\u98a8( \u80fd\u91cf\u6027) \u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u547c\u5438\u88ab\u8996\u7232\u98a8\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u9ad4\u5167\u4e00\u5207\u80fd\u91cf\u611f\u7686\u6b78\u7232\u547c\u5438\u611f[\u98a8\u611f; \u6c23\u611f] \u3002\u6309\u7167\u53e4\u5370\u5ea6\u8207\u53e4\u66b9\u7f85\u751f\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u4f86\u6e90\u65bc\u524d\u56db\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u4efb\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u904e\u76db\u6216\u5931\u8abf\u3002\u5065\u5eb7\u5247\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7232\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u7121\u4e00\u5360\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u72c0\u614b: \u4e00\u5207\u5b89\u975c\u3001\u4e0d\u8208\u3001\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u5bc2\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

ekaggat\u0101ramma\u1e47a: \u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027; \u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u6240\u7de3\u3001\u5c0d\u8c61\u3001\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n

ek\u0101yana-magga: \u4e00\u4e58\u9053; \u5408\u4e00\u4e4b\u9053; \u76f4\u9053\u3002\u6307\u56db\u5ff5\u8655(\u8eab\u3001\u53d7\u3001\u5fc3\u3001\u6cd5) \u7684\u4fee\u7fd2\u3002<\/p>\n

jh\u0101na: \u79aa\u90a3;\u9759\u8651\u3002\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u9ad4\u611f[r\u016bpa jh\u0101na\uff0c\u8272\u754c\u79aa\u90a3]\u6216\u67d0\u500b\u5fc3\u7406\u6982\u5ff5[ar\u016bpa jh\u0101na\uff0c\u7121\u8272\u754c\u79aa\u90a3]\u7684\u79aa\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5c0b\u60f3[\u5c0b]\u3001 \u8a55\u4f30[\u4f3a]\u3001\u559c\u3001\u6a02\u8207\u4e00\u6240\u7de3\u6027\u7232\u8272\u754c\u521d\u79aa\u7684\u4e94\u8981\u7d20[\u4e94\u79aa\u652f]\u3002<\/p>\n

kamma: \u696d;\u5c0e\u81f4\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u51fa\u751f[\u6709\u751f]\u7684\u6709\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

khandha: \u860a;\u805a\u96c6\u9ad4;\u611f\u8b58[sensory perception]\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u55ae\u5143;\u76f4\u63a5\u9ad4\u9a57\u5230\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u73fe\u8c61: \u5305\u62ec\u8272\u860a(r\u016bpa,\u6307\u9ad4\u611f\u6216\u5176\u7d20\u6750)\u3001\u53d7\u860a(vedan\u0101,\u6307\u82e6\u3001\u6a02\u3001\u4e0d\u82e6\u4e0d\u6a02\u4e4b\u611f\u53d7)\u3001\u60f3\u860a(sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101,\u6307\u6a19\u7c56\u3001\u540d\u865f\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u6307\u7a31)\u3001\u884c\u860a(sa\u1e45kh\u0101r\u0101,\u5fc3\u7406\u9020\u4f5c\u3001\u601d\u7dad\u69cb\u6210)\u3001\u8b58\u860a(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a,\u6307\u611f\u5b98\u610f\u8b58) \u3002<\/p>\n

lokavid\u016b:\u4e16\u9593\u89e3;\u7cbe \u901a\u5b87\u5b99\u73fe\u8c61\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4f5b\u9640\u540d\u865f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

magga-citta: \u9053\u5fc3\u3002\u69cb\u6210\u51fa\u4e16\u7d20\u8cea\u3001\u8da8\u5411\u89e3\u812b\u7684\u6b63\u9053\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u679c\u5fc3[phala-citta] \u6307\u7dca\u96a8\u9053\u5fc3\u8b49\u5f97\u5176\u679c\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

nibb\u0101na(nirv\u0101\u1e47a): \u6d85\u69c3\u3002\u5fc3\u5f9e\u8caa\u3001\u55d4\u3001\u7661\u3001\u540d\u8272\u4e4b\u7d81\u675f\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u56e0\u8a72\u8a5e\u4e5f\u6307\u706b\u7684\u7184\u6ec5\uff0c\u6545\u542b\u6709\u975c\u6b62\u3001\u51b7\u537b\u3001\u5b89\u752f\u4e4b\u7fa9\u3002(\u64da\u4f5b\u9640\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u842c\u7269\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u706b\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u5c6c\u6027\u3002\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6642\u5b83\u6293\u7dca\u4e26\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u71c3\u6599\u3002\u7184\u6ec5\u6642\u5247\u7372\u5f97\u89e3\u812b\u3002)
\nnimitta: \u79aa\u76f8\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5f81\u5146\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u3001\u610f\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n

n\u012bvara\u1e47\u0101: \u84cb\u969c; \u4e94\u84cb;\u59a8\u7919\u5165\u5b9a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7d20\u8cea: \u611f\u5b98\u4e4b\u6b32\u3001\u60e1\u610f\u3001\u660f\u7761\u3001\u6389\u8209[\u8e81\u52d5\u4e0d\u5b89] \u3001\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n

opanayiko: \u671d\u5167\u3001\u5411\u5167\u89c0\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n

paccatta\u1e43: \u5404\u81ea\u8b49\u77e5; \u7531\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u9ad4\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n

P\u0101li: \u5df4\u5229\u8056\u5178;\u73fe\u5b58\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u7d93\u5178\u4e4b\u540d\u7a31\u3002\u5f15\u7533\u610f\u7fa9\u4ea6\u6307\u66f8\u5beb\u9019\u5957\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

pu\u00f1\u00f1a: \u798f\u5fb7; \u5167\u5728\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u4f86\u81ea\u884c\u7232\u6b63\u5584\u4e26\u4f7f\u4eba\u7e7c\u7e8c\u884c\u5584\u7684\u5167\u5728\u5b89\u752f\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

sam\u0101dhi: \u5962\u6469\u4ed6; \u6b62; \u5b9a; \u4e09\u6627; \u5fc3\u96c6\u4e2d\u6216\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002\u5b9a\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u2014\u2014\u5239\u90a3\u5b9a\u3001\u8fd1\u884c\u5b9a\u3001\u5b89\u6b62\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u6309\u672c\u66f8\u79aa\u90a3\u4e00\u7ae0\u6240\u8ff0\u7684[\u521d\u79aa] \u524d\u4e09\u6b65\u4f86\u7406\u89e3: \u5239\u90a3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8d85\u904e\u6b65\u9a5f(1)\u3002\u8fd1\u884c\u5b9a\u7d50\u5408\u4e86(1) \u8207(3); \u5b89\u6b62\u5b9a\u7d50\u5408\u4e86(1)\u3001(2) \u3001(3)\u4e26\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u79aa\u90a3\u5c64\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

sa\u1e43bhavesin: \u6c42\u751f\u8005; \u5c0b\u627e\u6295\u751f\u8655\u7684\u6709\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko: \u5373\u523b\u5373\u5730\u53ef\u898b; \u73fe\u8b49;\u5373\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

sa\u1e45gha:\u50e7\u4f3d\u3002\u8ddf\u96a8\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u5718\u9ad4\u3002\u5e38\u898f\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6307\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4fb6\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u610f\u7fa9[ariya\uff0c\u8056\u7fa9] \u4e0a\uff0c\u6307\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u5bb6\u3001\u51fa\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5b\u5f1f\u5b50\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u5df2\u4fee\u7df4\u6210\u5c31\u89e3\u812b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u51fa\u4e16\u54c1\u8cea[\u521d\u679c] \u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

sa\u1e45kh\u0101r\u0101: \u884c;\u9020\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u6307\u9020\u4f5c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u529b\u8207\u56e0\u3001\u9020\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u3001\u9020\u4f5c\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u4f5c\u7232\u4e94\u860a\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u860a[\u884c\u860a]\uff0c\u6307\u5fc3\u5167\u90e8\u9020\u4f5c\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u9858\u671b\u7b49\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f5c\u7232\u4e94\u860a\u7684\u901a\u7a31\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u4e00\u5207\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u9020\u4f5c\u3001\u5408\u6210\u3001\u5851\u9020\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u884c\u820d\u667a[sa\u1e45kh\u0101rupekkh\u0101-\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a]\u6307\u5e73\u7b49\u4ff1\u820d\u5730\u89c0\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u7684\u89e3\u812b\u968e\u667a\u3002<\/p>\n

vijj\u0101: \u660e;\u89ba;\u79d1\u5b78;\u8a8d\u77e5\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

vijj\u0101-cara\u1e47a-sampanno: \u667a\u8b58\u8207\u64cd\u884c\u5177\u8db3\u5b8c\u7f8e; \u660e\u884c\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

vipassan\u0101(\u2013\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a): \u6bd7\u5a46\u5962\u90a3\u667a; \u89c0\u667a; \u89e3\u812b\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u2014\u2014\u5f9e\u56db\u8056\u8c1b\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f9e\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u82e6\u3001\u975e\u6211\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u5be6\u89c0\u7167\u7269\u8cea\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u4e4b\u751f\u6ec5\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u660e\u6670\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\u5f8c\u8a18<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u8b6f\u7b46\u5982\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u51c6\u78ba\u6216\u8aa4\u5c0e\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u6211\u8acb\u6c42\u4f5c\u8005\u8207\u8b80\u8005\u539f\u8ad2\u8b6f\u8005\u7121\u610f\u9593\u9020\u6210\u7684\u969c\u7919\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u8b6f\u7b46\u51c6\u78ba\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u8b80\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u3001\u7528\u5fc3\u9ad4\u6703\uff0c\u6c42\u8b49\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u660e\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u8b6f\u8005\u9644\u8a18: \u8b80\u8005\u5c0d\u672c\u66f8\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8acb\u806f\u7d61\u5766\u5c3c\u6c99\u7f85\u5c0a\u8005\u3002\u5730\u5740:
\nThanissaro Bhikkhu, Metta Forest Monastery 13560 Muutama Lane, Valley Center, CA 92082, U.S.A.
\n\u83ef\u8a9e\u8b80\u8005\u4ea6\u53ef\u5c31\u672c\u66f8\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u79aa\u4fee\u554f\u984c\u8acb\u6559\u99ac\u4f86\u897f\u4e9e\u67d4\u4f5b\u5dde\u752f\u5fc3\u5bfa\u4f4f\u6301\u57fa\u6469\u8f72\u5c0a\u8005(\u963f\u59dc\u6176) \u3002\u5730\u5740:
\nKhemako Bhikkhu, Santi Forest Monastery Lot 1413, Jalan Ponorogo, Batu 18 1\/2 Kampung Sungai Tiram, 81800 Ulu Tiram, Johor, Malaysia<\/p>\n

\u798f\u5fb7\u56de\u5411\u8aa6\u6587<\/p>\n

Sabbe satt\u0101 sad\u0101 hontu
\naver\u0101 sukha-j\u012bvino
\nkata\u1e43 pu\u00f1\u00f1a-phala\u1e43 mayha\u1e43
\nsabbe bh\u0101g\u012b bhavantu te<\/p>\n

\u9858\u4e00\u5207\u8846\u5b89\u6a02\u6d3b\u547d\u3001\u5e38\u96e2\u6575\u6028\u3002
\n\u9858\u4e00\u5207\u8846\u751f\u5206\u4eab\u6211\u5584\u884c\u7684\u798f\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5c0a\u8005\u963f\u59dc\u674e\u7c21\u50b3 \u963f\u59dc\u674e1906 \u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u6cf0\u570b\u6771\u5317\u90e8\u70cf\u6c76\u5e9c\u9109\u6751\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u6b72\u5728\u672c\u6751\u5bfa\u9662\u51fa\u5bb6\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u4f5b\u6cd5\u6559\u7fa9\u8207\u50e7\u4fb6\u6212\u5f8b\u7684<\/p>\n

Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6427,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"categories":[1,15,16],"tags":[202],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/030.jpg","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6OMOe-1Fa","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6396"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6396"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6396\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bodhixin.com\/my\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}